Adaptation of Hills Like White Elephant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adaptation of Hills Like White Elephant - Essay Example Women and men; seduction stories bring to the screen three stories each of which is focused on a man and a woman. Ernest Hemingway perfectly describes the setting of the story it a description of the view of River Ebro and white hills from a point at the train station in Spain. The girl likens the mountains to elephants which the American had never seen. These hills across the valley of Ebrol are described to be long and white with no shade or trees on the inside unlike the setting in the movie which shows the American and the girl seated with drinks on the table as they continue with their journey. The settings in the novel as well as in the movie do not show any variation as they are similarly outlined. The American and the girl are the main characters of the story. However, the American does not reveal his name; neither does the girl address him by his name. The American’s convincing nature is clearly shown as he tries to convince the girl undergo an operation without carin g about the girl. The girl is the female protagonist in the story. The American addresses her as jig although her real name is not revealed in the story. The girl being less sure of what she wants tempts the American to convince her to have an abortion. The girl seems not to care or worry about her self-worth as she is ready to undergo abortion (operation) as long as the American loves her. She is not straight forward about what she actually wants. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† consists of the dialogue between the American man and the girl with only few narrated segments in the story as opposed to the lengthy stage direction and frequency of occurrence in the women and men; seduction stories movie. This keeps the reader in the dark about the previous actions of the character and their motives. The aspect of flash is well captured in the women and men; seduction stories movie which helps the viewer to keep pace with previous actions, character’s actions and intentio ns or motives. This helps to set the mood and also establishes the landscape in understanding the conflict of the characters. The inability of the girl to speak Spanish with the bar attendant is an illustration of how dialogue is emphasized and her independence on the American and also shows the difficulties she had in expressing herself to other people. The American and the girl as well as the underlying conflict are characterized by the content and the manner of conversation which demonstrates radical compression and a higher degree of suggestiveness and implication. This is demonstrated during the first interaction between the American and the girl regarding the choice of a drink in which the girl asks the American. This conversation outlines the lack of the girl’s free will to ask for a drink while showing the manipulating character of the man. Conversation is also evident when the girl begs the man to stop talking after she realized that their conversation were futile. T he girl begs him ‘†¦.please, please, please, please†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Language and communication between the American and the girl become intense and more focused as the couples’ relationship is in a crisis due to the girl’s pregnancy. The couple seems to struggle in their conversation on the course they relationship will take especially when in public. To make matters worse, the readers are left not knowing whether the couple was able to find a common ground as the story ends

An opinion paper on inaugural adresses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An opinion paper on inaugural adresses - Essay Example economic situation had somehow improved from the grim scenario of the Carter administration. The two parallel situations of the early 1960s and mid 1980s therefore were almost of the same footing as far as both presidential speeches are concerned, and in terms of socio-economic and global realities. Kennedy and Reagan' speeches were equally moving and heart warming. But while the whole of Kennedy's address could be poignantly quotable, it wheeled around solely on world issues such as the threats of communism, nuclear war, and global alliance. Domestic concerns, if at all, were mentioned just in passing. On the other hand, Reagan's speech was much more than just motivational. It was comprehensive and tackled a lot of home grown problems as well as global ones which contained specific concerns such as public administration, taxation, and employment: At the heart of our efforts is one idea vindicated by 25 straight months of economic growth. Freedom and incentives unleash the drive for entrepreneurial genius that is the core of human progress. We have begun to increase the rewards for work, savings, and investment; reduced the increase in the cost and size of government and its interference in people's lives. We must simplify our tax system, make it more fair, and bring the rates down for all who work and earn. We must think anew and move with a new boldness, so every American who seeks work can find work; so the least among us shall have an equal chance to achieve the greatest things-to be heroes who heal our sick, feed the hungry, protect peace among nations, and leave this world a better place (home of heroes). But more than practical issues, Reagan proved to be a man with a deeper sense of history. With an impressive stroke, he took his listeners 'by the hand', toured them back in time using such vivid and vibrant example as: History is a ribbon, always unfurling; history is a journey. And as we continue our journey, we think of those who traveled before us Now we are standing inside this symbol of our democracy. Now we hear again the echoes of our past: a general falls to his knees in the hard snow of Valley Forge; a lonely President paces the darkened halls, and ponders his struggle to preserve the Union; the men of the Alamo call out encouragement to each other; a settler pushes west and sings a song, and the song echoes out forever and fills the unknowing air. Although, most presidential speeches refer to historical events to enhance a crucial issue, no one presented them as dramatic and touching as Reagan did. And he did so by immersing his listeners to a particular point in history, took them there, and made them feel the drama that was unfolding; but only to bring them back to the present with a call to unity, action, hope and faith in God: It is the American sound. It is hopeful, big-hearted, idealistic, daring, decent, and fair. That's our heritage; that is our song. We sing it still. For all our problems, our differences, we are together as of old, as we raise our voices to the God who is the Author of this most tender music. And may He continue to hold us close as we fill the world with our sound-sound in unity, affection, and love-one people under God, dedicated to the dream of freedom that He has placed in the human heart, called upon now to pass that dream on to a waiting and hopeful world. No president had ever reached the stature of

Article critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Article critique - Essay Example Participants/Subjects The participants/subjects consisted of 22 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 19 from a school for children suffering from physical maladies. The students were selected from a random population sample and divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Both groups were subjected to a three month training program which proceeded three times each week. Tests measuring walking speeds, gross motor skills and muscle tone were conducted both prior to and after the program commenced and ended. The control group’s program consisted of treatment and traditional physiotherapy which involved three exercise regiments with balance, gait, mat and â€Å"functional gross motor activities† (Chrysagis, et. al., 2012, p. 747). The experimental group’s program consisted of treadmill training without the use of support for body weight and with a â€Å"comfortable speed† (Chrysagis, et. al., 2012, p. 747). Findings At the conclusion of the three month program research findings indicated that there were appreciable differences between the experimental group and the control group in terms of GMF and walking speeds. In both cases, the experimental group’s GMF and walking speed scores were greater than those for the control group. There was no significant difference in the muscle tone outcomes between the two groups. Thus results of the study indicate that treadmill training may contribute to an improvement in walking speeds and GFM of ambulatory adolescents with cerebral palsy without having a negative impact on muscle tone. Limitations of the Study The study is limited by the fact that it was conducted among a relatively small population sample. The population sample consisted of only 22 adolescents and when divided into two groups further narrowed the sample down to 11 in each group. The validity of the results among such a small population is further compromised by the fact that the students were selecte d from the same school. Selecting all students from one facility where they share the same physical education regiment indicates that the results of the study may very well be related to other physical education activities shared by the group at school. The difference in the outcome may have been mere coincidence since the sample sizes were so small. A larger sample population among students from different schools would have made the results more valid. Authors Acknowledge Limitations The authors pointed out limitations of their own. The acknowledged limitations included the observation that the student participants were not tested for muscle strength and endurance and that the results of the test may have been influenced by muscle strength and endurance. The authors also noted that interventions and support during the training program by physical therapists might have contributed to the results of the study as well. Implications The study can be useful to physical education teacher s who train ambulatory students with cerebral palsy. It indicates that the treadmill can be a safe alternative for students with cerebral palsy to possibly improve walking speed and GMF, if used with the help of physical therapists or with close supervision. Next Study Based on the results of the study and the limitations reported I would conduct further research on the impact of the treadmill on muscle, tone, strength and endurance, GMF and Walking Speed of adolescents with

Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity - Essay Example The mind of human beings causes sickness; the cause of diseases is internal, not external. In addition, Buddhists believe that human actions (Karma), whether bad or good, can lead to problems in the future. Negative actions can arise in the future thus leading to sickness while the positive actions lead to happiness and prosperity. For Buddhists, healing sicknesses begins when an individual engages in positive actions. Consequently, the mind should be mind should get rid of the negative Karmic spirits that may lead to sicknesses (Hawter, 2012). A Critical component of healing in Buddhism faith includes beliefs (in doing what is right). Human beings must be responsible for their actions. In addition, the Buddhist believes that doing positive actions to others can prevent future illnesses. Every human being has the power to control their destiny by doing what is good. Bad actions will only lead to sickness and sufferings (Hawter, 2012). When being cared for by people from other faiths, Buddhist stress on the need to guarantee quality care that cannot lead to future health problems. For Buddhist, actions should be positive, health care providers from other faiths must ensure that they get standard care that can heal the diseases (Hawter, 2012). ... The Shinto are deeply connected to nature that to scientific means of healing human beings. In addition, the Shinto believes that sickness is caused by the weakening of immune system by the spirits. The healing process begins by the removal of grievances that are not pleasing to the spirits. They often seek for spirits support when they want to get healed from certain diseases (Lotus, 2012). The most critical component of healing is in meditation. Human beings must honor the spirits which live on mountains, rovers and trees in order to get well. In addition, for human beings to get purification from the spirits, they must offer sacrifices, pray, and engage in a symbolic feast. The main aim of purification is to remove ‘dust’ which leads to human -spirit conflicts (Lotus, 2012). The people of Shinto consider their spirits and gods to be the most important when being cared for by health care providers from other faiths. In addition, they believe that the Goddess known as t he Amaterasu, recommended that human beings should worship the mirror. Such beliefs in the goddess lead to refusal of care from other health care providers who do not share in their beliefs (Lotus, 2012). Baha’i Perspective on Healing The Baha’i people believe that health care providers serve God wile engaging in health care practices. Providing quality services to patients is one of the ways in which human beings praise God. In addition, the Baha’i people believe in medicine, however, they also believe in divine healing where human beings can engage in prayers. Consequently, they hold the belief that there is a direct relationship between spiritual condition and the health of human beings. Human beings are required to offer prayers to

How Collaborative Communication to Promote the Satisfaction and Dissertation

How Collaborative Communication to Promote the Satisfaction and Loyalty of Franchisees - Dissertation Example Hong Kong is a country that has established several multinational businesses, mostly franchises from mother companies based abroad. It is necessary that cultural dimensions of various individuals and groups involved in franchise businesses be studied so that franchisers and franchisees have better understanding of each other as well as the business itself. Such collaborative communication borne from this understanding is believed to bring about satisfaction and loyalty of franchisees, hence, more success in the business, and more profit for the franchise. Qualitative methods such as questionnaires and focus group discussions of stakeholders from various franchise businesses in Hong Kong will be used in this study to determine if consideration of such cultural dimensions has an impact on satisfaction and loyalty of franchisees and net profit of the businesses. Chapter 1 Introduction/ Rationale Today, more than ever, businesses come in various forms. This is especially true with intern ational businesses. Some companies expand by having more branches both locally and internationally. Ownership of these branches may either be retained by the original owners or sold as franchises to new owners but still under the same company name and operations, but different management. In cosmopolitan places such as in Hong Kong, businesses thrive well. This includes franchises of established businesses which may be based abroad. This naturally makes the franchise a multinational/ multicultural business venture. Problem Statement Like in most multicultural settings, communication between people from different cultures may pose to be a hindrance in the smooth flow of operations. There are many factors to consider here. One is cultural differences which may cause misinterpretations in communication. People may hold different belief systems and practices which may seem offensive to others without meaning to. This may spell trouble between the communicating parties and may be a cruci al point in business transactions if it is not resolved. Negative consequences may escalate if miscommunication persists. It may adversely affect the business, possibly the relationship between the contracting companies involved, and the financial aspect of the business. This study will explore how collaborative communication in international settings can promote satisfaction and loyalty of franchisees and study its moderating effect on the net profit of franchise businesses in Hong Kong. Importance of the Study This study will contribute much to the field of international business especially in the area of intercultural communication. Being aware of factors that may cause conflicts and misunderstandings between parties coming from different cultures may be considered a start in the resolution of such issues. These need to be resolved right away because if not, then it may gravely affect the business relationship they share. Scope and Delimitation The scope of this study covers indi viduals involved in the franchise businesses in Hong Kong and their international business associates in the franchise. Data will be completed by email to facilitate dissemination and collection. The responses will delimited to the views of the participants and although they may represent the views of their own companies, the conclusion will not be generalized to the whole

Use of Computer based Technology in Engineering Design Assignment

Use of Computer based Technology in Engineering Design - Assignment Example Use of Computer based Technology in Engineering Design Many software applications have been developed to help engineers in this course of design. The most utilised software is AutoCAD. It is an application capable of achieving 2D and 3D designs. The founders of AutoCAD made a decision to code it using C programming language. That is the main reason why AutoCAD is able to support object customization through C++ Application Programming Interface (API). The design tool has a set of basic modelling tools for solids in 2D and 3D orientations. Earlier versions of the design tool made use of lines, arcs, circles and polylines while modern tools have additional functionalities like mental ray engine. The modern design tool has made quality designs achievable. The design is done on a space with provision of user interface aid standards. The standard tool bar is at the top, it lists label from left to right. The designer uses the menu bar; tool sets palette and command line at the bottom to access the very many available objects and commands. By clicking on them the cursor changes to the object of interest. The drawing space displays an XY axis of a rectangular. This is a coordinate system (UCS). Before starting a design, select units for the line and angle of the drawing (Gindis). The CAD tool allows the designer to draw, format, edit, save and retrieve drawing. Like all the other applications, to save a drawing click FILE then proceed to save. To retrieve, click on FILE and proceed to open an existing drawing. The software allows importing of objects from other external sources so ling as they are of compatible formats. Ones a drawing has been imported, editing can be done and even saving of changes made. AutoCAD has calculation functionalities that ensure engineers use the shortest time possible to complete a given project. The application provides the Cam Generator and the Beam Calculation at your disposal. The Cam generator allows plate and cylindrical cam creations. It performs the calculations of velocity and acceler ation. In addition to calculations, the design tool plots cam path. Mechanical engineering has almost the trickiest design set where designs need be of utmost accuracy. The tool offers shaft calculations including deflection lines, bending moment, torsion moment, supporting force, torque rotational angle, equivalent tension and other safety factors. Mechanical designs require perfect fit and that is why the screw pre-calculation tool comes in handy. Other calculation tools include Bearing and screw calculations. With this tools functionalities like stress points, load and line loadings can be analysed with ease (Gindis). Functionalities of Integrated circuit design are available within the software standards. The library has a number of the components that make up integrated circuits and standard integrated circuit that have been made. By selecting the components, the designer is able to create a complete circuit that follows electrical engineering standards of design. The CAD softw are allows the designer to simulate and check the performance of the circuit. The simulation tool can plot graphs of the various parameters as the designer may see fit. This is performed for both AC, DC and transient analysis. Capturing a schematic design is of importance to electrical engineers when using the electronic design automation tool. Electronic circuit design can also become a complex idea to undertake; especially in the design of integrated circuits. For this reason CAD software, have schematic editors. AutoCAD electrical has

Hitlers actions while he was ruler of the Third Reich Essay Example for Free

Hitlers actions while he was ruler of the Third Reich Essay Introduction There are two schools of thought on Hitlers actions while he was ruler of the Third Reich. One says he has a blueprint of all his intended achievements1 which is based upon Mein Kampf, his autobiography written in the 1920s while the other believes that Hitler did not have any concrete plans which he followed diligently. The latter argued that he rode on opportunities and was propelled into power by circumstances rather than his own abilities. The basis of this essay is to find out which school offers a more convincing argument. Due to the wide aspects of the information and views on Hitler, the scope of discussion would be limited to Hitlers foreign policies, the various interpretations by different historians and my own analysis. One point to note is that although A.J.P. Taylor does not fall into either of the schools, his views seems slanted towards structuralist theory which would also be discussed. Anschluss To determine whether Hitler had a plan or was just waiting to cash in on opportunities, we must look at his foreign policies implemented and his autobiography, Mein Kampf, which he wrote in 19252 while serving his prison sentence. Mein Kampf could be used as a benchmark in finding out whether Hitler was following a laid-out plan. This is because Hitler had claimed so often that all his plans and goals were actually written in Mein Kampf. In Mein Kampf, Anschluss was described as the first stage in Hitlers foreign policy plans, which, with the benefit of hindsight, is true. In a speech on 30 January 1941 in Berlin, Hitler had spoken implicitly of how his intention of abolishing the Treaty of Versailles had been declared or recorded so often that it was impossible for people to not know of his programme of expansionism until 1933, or 1935 or 1937.3 Hitler had also written in Mein Kampf that he wanted to extend the frontiers of Germany to include all Germans, regardless of where they came from.4 Prior to Anschluss, Hitler had been trying to improve his relations with Italy as the latter had interfered in Austrias affairs in 1934 due to concerns about her own territorial integrity5 and. Hitler knew the importance of Italy and tried to improve relations with her. He hoped in this way, Austria would be isolated without Italy defending her. It could thus be argued that Hitler was planning for Anschluss through diplomatic pr eparations. However, Anschluss also represented Hitlers opportunism. Notes written from Goebbelss diary revealed that Hitler had kept his watchful eyes on opportunities for German expansion,6 suggesting that Hitler was always waiting for opportunities to expand German territory, an argument put across by Kershaw. In fact, it was Goering who pressed Hitler to take actions.7 Kershaw argued Goering was pushing the pace for Anschluss, perhaps for economic interests over Austria. Hitler was waiting for a crisis in Austria which would provide the excuse for German intervention and not invasion.8 This arrived on 9th March 1938, when Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg announced a plebiscite on the independence of Austria. Hitler seized this opportunity to intervene in Austrian affairs and pressed Schuschnigg to resign. The National Socialist Arthur Seyss-Inquart took over the chancellorship and formed a new government. With Austrian National Socialists in power in Austria, troops of the German Wehrmacht and the SS crossed the German-Austrian border unopposed on the morning of 12th March 1938. The proclamation of Anschluss into the Third Reich was announced the following day. Taylor argued this was a last minute decision and the belief that Hitlers seizure of Austria was a deliberate plot was a myth. He argued that the crisis was one provoked by Schusschnigg and not Hitler. Kershaw also suggested the view that the decision for annexation of Austria came only after the military invasion. The German military lacked preparations when they marched from the frontier to Vienna. The fact that 70% of their vehicles broke down9 indicated clearly there was neither military preparation nor any back-up plan. Had Hitler made any plans initially, such a situation would not have occurred. Hitlers address to the masses on the balcony of Linz town hall showed that he did not have any intentions to annex Austria.10 Kershaw suggested that the decision to annex Austria might have come from the delirious reception Hitler received at Linz. The Anschluss thus represented Hitlers opportunism where the decision to annex Austria came at the last minute. Although Hitler might have intentions to annex Austria into the German Reich long ago, it was not one of the maturing of carefully thought out plans. Thus I would find it appropriate to agree with the structuralist argue that Hitler was indeed an opportunist. Anschluss came at a point when Hitler least expected it he was smart enough to seize to seize the opportunity. Czechoslovakia Bullock had argued that following the annexation of Austria, the annexation of Czechoslovakia would be the second necessary step in the development of [Hitlers] programme for securing Germanys future11, the second objective that was discussed during the Hossbach Conference on 5th November 1937 which outlined Hitlers view of the future. It was agreed that Austria and Czechoslovakia should be taken simultaneously.12 However, this did not occur accordingly as planned. Anschluss with Austria had instead, improved Germanys strategic position in central Europe13, to allow Hitler to take over Czechoslovakia should an opportunity arise. He might have thought of using Austria to encircle the Czechs and act as a satellite in the conflicts to come14, which in some ways indicated his programme in achieving Lebensraum for Germany. Taylor argued that the conclusion which drawn from the Hossbach Conference showed that Hitler did not really have any concrete plans as to what he wanted. He might have been taking a gamble as usual, hoping that by some chance, he would be successful in achieving aims in his foreign policies. In a situation similar in Austria, I do agree with Taylor that the crisis over Czechoslovakia was presented to Hitler rather than him creating it. Hitler merely took advantage of the situation. According to Kershaw, it was the fatal calculation made by Schuschnigg that gave Hitler the chance he long awaited. Hitler seemed to be least interested in what was the next step he should undertake after the Munich conference. Evidence showing Hitler spending time at the Berghof drawing dream plans for the rebuilding of Linz15 revealed perhaps he was waiting to take over Czechoslovakia through another internal crisis. This opportunity arrived in March 1939 when President of Czechoslovakia Hacha dismissed Tiso the Slovak Premier from office and subsequently declared martial law in Slovakia. The latter then appealed to Hitler for help, who was taken by surprise by the turn of events. He was leaving for Vienna to celebrate the anniversary of Anschluss. Even Alan Bullock agreed, as he puts it, that it was not long before Hitler was able to seize the opportunity that he waited for16, showing that Hitler was relying on opportunities. Protests by the British and French ambassadors against Germanys occupation was countered by the argument that Hitler had acted only at the request of the Czech President, just as the occupation of Austria had been undertaken only in response to the telegram sent by Seyss-Inquart.17 Hitler had spent no more than three days in the process of take-over lasted no more than three days and he was back in Vienna on the 18th. Both fate and opportunity had worked in favour of Hitler once again in allowing him to complete his aims. Conclusion: The Hossbach memorandum was supposed to reveal Hitlers plans and provide a summary of Hitlers foreign policy in 1937-38. Although it indicated that Hitler had some plans in his mind, it was not very specific. Through the examination of the above examples, it would be appropriate to conclude that Hitler was an opportunist. Although much of Mein Kampf was put into action, there was doubt as to whether he was following some form of agenda or programme. Although ideas were laid out in Mein Kampf, it did not mean that they would be implemented inevitably. There was no timescale stated as to when they would be implemented too. In the words of A.J.P. Taylor, I agree that Hitler exploited events far more than he followed precise coherent plans18. Alan Bullock also believes that be it planning or spontaneity, Hitler had only one programme: the gain of power19. Thus the structuralist school which stated that Hitler did not have any concrete plans to which he diligently adhered to seems more appropriate. Most of the time, Hitler was simply waiting for opportunities which he could take to achieve his aims. Notes 1 Stephen J. Lee, Aims of Hitlers Foreign Policy in European Dictatorships 1918-1945, (Great Britain, Routledge, Taylor Francis Group, 2000, 2nd edition), p.217 2 A.J.P. Taylor, Hitler: A Traditional German Statesman, in Hitler and Nazi Germany, ed.Robert G.L. Waite( United States of America, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1966), p. 94 3 Alan Bullock, The Counterfeit Peace, 1933-7 in Hitler: A Study in Tyranny, (Great Britain, Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, 1973), p. 315. 4 Ibid. p. 315 5 Gerhard L. Weinberg, German-Italian Relations and the Anschluss in The Foreign Policy of Hitlers Germany: Starting World War II, 1937-1939, (United States of America, The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London, 1980), pp.261-262 6 Ian Kershaw, Ceaseless Radicalization in Hitler 1936-1945:Nemesis, (United States of America, W.W. Norton Company, 2000), p.44 7 Ibid. p. 67 8 Ibid. p.67 9 Taylor, Hitler: A Traditional German Statesman, p.99 10 Kershaw, The Drive for Expansion, p.79 11 Bullock, From Vienna to Prague, 1938-9, p. 439 12 Taylor, Hitler: A Traditional German Statesman, p.96 13 Jackson J. Spielvogel, Hitlers War in Hitler and Nazi Germany A History, (United States of America, Prentice Hall, 2001), p. 206 14 K. Hildebrand, German Foreign Policy: from Revisionism to Expansionism in The Third Reich, (Great Britain, George Allen Unwin, 1984), p.30 15 Ibid. p.101 16 Bullock, From Vienna to Prague, 1938-9, p. 480 17 Ibid, p. 485 18 A.J.P. Taylor, Second Thoughts in The Origins of the Second World War, (Great Britain, Hamish Hamilton, 1965), p.X 19 Lee, Aims of Hitlers Foreign Policy, p. 218 Bibliography Bullock, Alan, Hitler: A Study in Tyranny, (Great Britain, Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, 1973) Hildebrand, K., The Third Reich,(Great Britain, George Allen Unwin, 1984) Kershaw, Ian, Hitler 1936-1945:Nemesis, (United States of America, W.W. Norton Company, 2000) Lee, Stephen J., European Dictatorships:1918-1945, (Great Britain, Routledge, Taylor Francis Group, 2000, 2nd edition) Taylor, A.J.P., Hitler and Nazi Germany, ed.Robert G.L. Waite( United States of America, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1966) Taylor, A.J.P. ,The Origins of the Second World War, (Great Britain, Hamish Hamilton, 1965) Spielvogel, Jackson J. , Hitler and Nazi Germany A History, (United States of America, Prentice Hall, 2001) Weinberg, Gerhard L., The Foreign Policy of Hitlers Germany: Starting World War II, 1937-1939, (United States of America, The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London, 1980)