Skill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Skill - Essay Example Due to the word limit with the essay, I will look into some of the aspects that have been taking place during the therapeutic process. I will also look at the components that have been fundamental for my growth both at a clinical and a personal level. I will highlight and concentrate on the humanistic concepts, tools, and skills that I have learned, experienced, and used during the sessions. I will also refer to some past notions that are now part of my way of being in the therapeutic room. These are embedded in the psychodynamic and existential modalities. I have realized that a very individual a personal approach has been germinating in me. Moreover, I will take into account the important and essential feedback that I have received both from my colleagues and my tutors. I will concentrate on two of the many sessions that I have played the role of the therapist—in both sessions the client was the same. The client was a well-educated English man in his late twenties who had recently broken up with his girlfriend of five years. Moreover, his father died of cancer two years ago and he was still battling to come to terms with his death. He said he felt overwhelmed by daily responsibilities and called himself a â€Å"fixer.† The relationship between a client and a therapist is for me at the core of the therapeutic process. Carl Rogers, in this Humanistic trimester, has elucidated the importance of the former. From the classical psychoanalysis in which the therapist was seen as the expert in a kind of doctor/patient relationship, one of the Rogerian revolutions was to bring a collaborative and equalitarian rapport that replaced the earlier idea into the therapeutic room. In addition, Rogers’s view on the therapeutic relationship between the client and the therapist was as follows: â€Å"If I can provide a certain type of relationship, the other person will discover within himself or herself the

Lifestyle and Sustainability Essay Example for Free

Lifestyle and Sustainability Essay Lifestyle and Sustainability are two different concepts combined together to describe how people should live nowadays. With the matters like the advancement of modern technology, environmental degradation, and pollution, we now consider the best ways to live our lives without jeopardizing our environment and the future generations. Now, we’re concerned not only about living in comfort and ease, but also about the sustainability of the world we live in, of our environment and our resources. Lifestyle is defined as a way of life, the manner by which a person lives. It involves various behaviors and practices regarding one’s social relations, consumption, entertainment, and fashion. These behaviors and practices are composed of various habits, conventional modes of action, and reasoned actions. Simply put, lifestyle is one’s style of living: it is very personal and depends on the person who lives it. In relation to lifestyle, we come across the concept of sustainability, which literally means to sustain or the ability to maintain certain processes or state. Nowadays, sustainability is often connected to how we human beings live. Concerns about the environment, pollution, and shortage of resources have driven us to apply sustainability in every aspect of our lives (Sustainability Reporting Program, 2004). We think of sustainable ways to build our homes, use our natural resources, dress up, and grow our food. Somehow, we have connected sustainability with how we live, and it is now considered as a lifestyle. One important aspect of a sustainable lifestyle is food consumption, and in relation to that, we come across the concern of sustainable means of growing our foods. An important issue is brought up when we talk about sustainable means of growing food, and that is the use of pesticides. We are all familiar about pesticides, because it is the conventional means of eradicating the pests in our homes, properties, plants and crops. However, the use of certain pesticides is deemed as un-sustainable because of the health risks they carry with them (EurActiv, 2008). It can also affect other organisms in the environment aside from the pests that they kill. To better understand pesticides, we need to know more about them, including the history, benefits, types, and other aspects as well. Pesticides have been used several thousand years ago, being utilized by humans to protect their crops and plants from pests (Medline Plus, 2009). One of the first known pesticides used was sulfur dusting in Sumeria. In later centuries, mad used toxic chemicals like arsenic, mercury and lead to kill pests. Natural pesticides were also used, like nicotine sulfate extracts from tobacco leaves, pyrethrum from chrysanthemums, and rotenone from the roots of tropical vegetables. These pesticides benefited man in several ways. The first, and possibly the most common reason for pesticide use are for the protection of crops. Pesticides contain potent chemical ingredients which kill or deter insects and other pests that consume and destroy man’s crops. Another application of pesticides is disease control, regulating or controlling the organisms which are considered harmful to health. A good example is the use of pesticides to kill mosquitoes which are known carriers of deadly diseases like dengue fever, west Nile virus, and malaria. Insecticides are also used in killing parasites like fleas and ticks in bigger animals like horses and cattle. It is also used to kill termites that can cause structural damage to our homes and dwellings. Overall, pesticides are used in variety of ways, all for the benefit of humans. We can classify pesticides into two major types, chemical or synthetically prepared pesticide, and biological or biochemical pesticide. We are more familiar with chemical pesticides because they’re the conventional pesticides. These are made from various chemical components, like the ones mentioned earlier. This type of pesticide is easier to produce because of the abundance of their chemical components, and is more potent and is more effective when it comes to killing the pests. The downside of this type however, is that it has harmful implications to the environment and to human health. The other type of pesticide is the biological or biochemical pesticide. This type is produced from plant extracts which can deter or kill insects. The biological pesticides use the natural enemies of certain plant pests. Other insects and spiders are used because they prey on these pests, regulating their population naturally. References: EurActiv. (2008). Pesticides: Tough negotiations ahead as MEPs back bans Retrieved April 14, 2009, from http://www. euractiv. com/en/sustainability/pesticides-tough-negotiations-ahead-meps-back-bans/article-176936 Medline Plus. (2009). Pesticides Retrieved April 4, 2009, from http://www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/pesticides. html Sustainability Reporting Program. (2004). Pollutants, Sustainability, Health, and Environment. Retrieved April 14, 2009, from http://www. sustreport. org/issues/health_env_pollut. html

Jazz Essay -- essays research papers

Early Jazz The earliest easily available jazz recordings are from the 1920's and early 1930's. Trumpet player and vocalist Louis Armstrong ("Pops", "Satchmo") was by far the most important figure of this period. He played with groups called the Hot Five and the Hot Seven; any recordings you can find of these groups are recommended. The style of these groups, and many others of the period, is often referred to as New Orleans jazz or Dixieland. It is characterized by collective improvisation, in which all performers simultaneously play improvised melodic lines within the harmonic structure of the tune. Louis, as a singer, is credited with the invention of scat, in which the vocalist makes up nonsense syllables to sing improvised lines. Other notable performers of New Orleans or Dixieland jazz include clarinetist Johnny Dodds, soprano saxophone player Sidney Bechet, trumpeter King Oliver, and trombonist Kid Ory. Other styles popular during this period were various forms of piano jazz, including ragtime, Harlem stride, and boogie-woogie. These styles are actually quite distinct, but all three are characterized by rhythmic, percussive left hand lines and fast, full right hand lines. Scott Joplin and Jelly Roll Morton were early ragtime pioneers. Fats Waller, Willie "The Lion" Smith and James P. Johnson popularized the stride left hand pattern (bass note, chord, bass note, chord); Albert Ammons and Meade Lux Lewis developed this into the faster moving left hand patterns of boogie-woogie. Earl "Fatha" Hines was a pianist who was especially known for his right hand, in which he did not often play full chords or arpeggios, playing instead "horn-like" melodic lines. This has become commonplace since then. Art Tatum is considered by many to be the greatest jazz pianist ever; he was certainly one of the most technically gifted, and his harmonic insights paved the way for many who came after him. He is sometimes considered a precursor of bebop. Big Band Jazz and Swing Although the big bands are normally associated with a slightly later era, there were several large bands playing during the 1920's and early 1930's, including that of Fletcher Henderson. Bix Beiderbecke was a cornet soloist who played with several bands and was considered a legend in his time. The mid 1930's brought on the swing era and the emergence of ... ...c piano, Ron Carter and Dave Holland on bass, John McLaughlin on guitar, and Tony Williams and Jack DeJohnette on drums. Tony Williams formed a rock oriented band called Lifetime with John McLaughlin, who also formed his own high energy group, the Mahavishnu Orchestra. Through the 1970's Miles continued to explore new directions in the use of electronics and the incorporation of funk and rock elements into his music, leading to albums such as Pangea and Agharta. Other groups combined jazz and rock in a more popularly oriented manner, from the crossover Top 40 of Spyro Gyra and Chuck Mangione to the somewhat more esoteric guitarist Pat Metheny. Other popular fusion bands include Weather Report, featuring Wayne Shorter, Joe Zawinul, and bass players Jaco Pastorius and Miroslav Vitous; Return To Forever, featuring Chick Corea and bassist Stanley Clarke; The Crusaders, featuring saxophonist Wilton Felder and keyboardist Joe Sample; the Yellowjackets, featuring keyboardist Russell Ferrante; and the Jeff Lorber Fusion, which originally featured Kenny G on saxophone. In recent years, several fusion bands have achieved much commercial success, including those of Pat Metheny and Kenny G.

Essay Invisible Hand Essay

The invisible hand is a metaphor coined by the economist Adam Smith. Once in â€Å"The Wealth of Nations† and other writings, Smith demonstrated that, in a free market, an individual pursuing his own self-interest tends to also promote the good of his community as a whole through a principle that he called â€Å"the invisible hand†. He argued that each individual maximizing revenue for himself maximizes the total revenue of society as a whole, as this is identical with the sum total of individual revenues. Smith used the term ‘invisible hand’ only three times, but the metaphor later gained widespread use Several new interpretations of Adam Smith’s invisible hand have recently been published in leading general-interest economic journals. These interpretations attempt to bring Smith forward in time, to make him more modern, and to fashion him in the image of the modern welfare theorist. Here we go back in time and find the source for both of Smith’s economic applications of the invisible hand in Richard Cantillon’s model of the isolated estate. With this connection established, we know what Smith read and dubbed the invisible hand. Introduction We now know a great deal about the intricacies and details of Adam Smith’s life and economics. Scholars have, for example, poured over his views on the organization of religion, his views of the corporation, and even his tenure as a tax collector, and have established definite conclusions. In contrast, Smith’s most famous concept—â€Å"the invisible hand†Ã¢â‚¬â€has in recent years been placed in an intellectual quagmire as a result of a surprising resurgence of interest in the meaning of the concept. Several new interpretations of the concept have been published in the leading general-interest economic journals, as well as those that specialize in the history of economic thought. This widespread effort to discover the â€Å"true† meaning of the invisible hand appears to have muddied the conceptual waters almost beyond recognition. There are now at least a dozen different versions of the invisible hand ranging from the more traditional interpretations to those which attach the phrase to such things as slavery and national defense. Smith’s invisible hand now suffers from multiple-conception disorder and the lack of an acceptable definition could render Smith’s concept scientifically useless. The opening quote from Khalil represents one of the few sensible modern interpretations of Smith (the process theorist) because it shows both how far modern interpreters have gone astray—painting Smith forward in time as a modern neoclassical welfare (end state) theorist, and why there is so much confusion—Smith’s three different uses of the phrase. To resolve the mystery of the meaning of the invisible hand, I would like to go backward in time and show that Smith discovered the general conceptual framework for the invisible hand in Richard Cantillon’s Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en General (hereafter, Essai). Cantillon’s model of the isolated estate represents a revolutionary breakthrough in economic theory and both of Smith’s economic applications of the invisible hand—which hitherto have been understood to be disconnected—can be found in it. This linkage between Smith and Cantillon permits us to describe the invisible hand as the processes that constitute price theory, competition, and distribution. First, however i will briefly describe the heated debate in the general-interest journals over the meaning of the invisible hand and then present the broader connections that scholars have made between Cantillon and Smith. Part I Understood as a metaphor Smith uses the metaphor in the context of an argument against protectionism and government regulation of markets, but it is based on very broad principles developed by Bernard Mandeville, Bishop Butler, Lord Shaftesbury, and Francis Hutcheson. In general, the term â€Å"invisible hand† can apply to any individual action that has unplanned, unintended consequences, particularly those which arise from actions not orchestrated by a central command and which have an observable, patterned effect on the community. Bernard Mandeville argued that private vices are actually public benefits. In â€Å"The Fable of the Bees† (1714), he laments that the â€Å"bees of social virtue are buzzing in Man’s bonnet†: that civilized man has stigmatized his private appetites and the result is the retardation of the common good. Bishop Butler argued that pursuing the public good was the best way of advancing one’s own good since the two were necessarily identical. Lord Shaftesbury turned the convergence of public and private good around, claiming that acting in accordance with one’s self-interest will produce socially beneficial results. An underlying unifying force that Shaftesbury called the â€Å"Will of Nature† maintains equilibrium, congruency, and harmony. This force, if it is to operate freely, requires the individual pursuit of rational self-interest, and the preservation and advancement of the self. Francis Hutcheson also accepted this convergence between public and private interest, but he attributed the mechanism, not to rational self-interest, but to personal intuition, which he called a â€Å"moral sense. † Smith developed his own version of this general principle in which six psychological motives combine in each individual to produce the common good. In â€Å"The Theory of Moral Sentiments†, vol. II, page 316, he says, â€Å"â€Å"By acting according to the dictates of our moral faculties, we necessarily pursue the most effective means for promoting the happiness of mankind. †Ã¢â‚¬  Contrary to common misconceptions, Smith did not assert that all self-interested labour necessarily benefits society, or that all public goods are produced through self-interested labour. His proposal is merely that in a free market, people â€Å"usually† tend to produce goods desired by their neighbours. The tragedy of the commons is an example where self-interest tends to bring an unwanted result. Moreover, a free market arguably provides numerous opportunities for maximizing one’s own profit at the expense (rather than for the benefit) of others. The tobacco industry is often cited as an example of this: the sale of cigarettes and other tobacco products certainly brings a very good revenue, but the industry’s critics deny that the social benefits (the pleasures associated with smoking, the camaraderie, the feeling of doing something â€Å"cool†) can possibly outbalance the social costs. Part II Economists’ Interpretation of The Wealth of Nations quote The concept of the Invisible Hand is nearly always generalized beyond Smith’s original discussion of domestic versus foreign trade. Smith himself participated in such generalization, as is already evident in his allusion to â€Å"many other cases†, quoted above. Notice that the invisible hand is here considered a natural inclination, not yet a social mechanism as it was later classified by Leon Walras and Vilfredo Pareto. Many economists claim that the theory of the Invisible Hand states that if each consumer is allowed to choose freely what to buy and each producer is allowed to choose freely what to sell and how to produce it, the market will settle on a product distribution and prices that are beneficial to the all individual members of a community, and hence to the community as a whole. The reason for this is that greed will drive actors to beneficial behavior. Efficient methods of production will be adopted in order to maximize profits. Low prices will be charged in order to undercut competitors. Investors will invest in those industries that are most urgently needed to maximize returns, and withdraw capital from those that are less efficient in creating value. Students will be guided to prepare for the most needed (and therefore most remunerative) careers. And all these effects will take place dynamically and automatically. It also works as a balancing mechanism. For example, the inhabitants of a poor country will be willing to work very cheaply. Entrepreneurs can make great profits by building factories in poor countries. But since they increase the demand for labor, they will increase its price. And since the new producers will also become consumers, local businesses will have to hire more people in order to provide for them the things that they want to consume. As this process continues, the labor prices will eventually rise to the point at which there is no advantage for the foreign countries doing business in the formerly poor country. Overall, this mechanism will cause the local economy to function on its own. In The Wealth of Nations Smith provides a metaphor that illustrates the simplicity of the principle: It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. We address ourselves not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our necessities but of their advantages. Nobody but a beggar chooses to depend chiefly upon the benevolence of their fellow-citizens. Part III Examples and arguments A very simple real world example of how the invisible hand is supposed to ork is the queue for a supermarket checkout. Each customer getting in line selfishly chooses to maximize his own interest, that is to checkout in the shortest time, regardless of the other customers. Their utility maximizing choice is to get in queue in the shortest line, this means that eventually customers queue up in lines all of the same length. Therefore even without the slightest direction and by following only their selfishness, the lines are all of the same length, which is clearly the most efficient disposition. (This examples also illustrates the ties between economics and game theory. Note that to reap these benefits, the market should at least exist — in the total absence of regulation, if people were allowed to cut the queue, the result of selfish pursuit of interests would be a crowded mess. Also, as this example also illustrates, economists have a particular understanding of efficiency. If a woman in the supermarket seeking to checkout is pregnant, carrying a crying child who is diabetic and who needs to eat dinner in the shortest amount of time possible, then it may be more efficient to allow her to jump the queue. Since Smith’s time, the principle of the invisible hand has been further incorporated into economic theory. Leon Walras developed a four equation general equilibrium model which concludes that individual self-interest operating in a competitive market place produces the unique conditions under which a society’s total utility is maximized. Vilfredo Pareto used an edgeworth box contact line to illustrate a similar social optimality. Ludwig von Mises, in Human Action, claims that Smith believed that the invisible hand was that of God. He did not mean this as a criticism, since he held that secular reasoning leads to similar conclusions. The invisible hand is traditionally understood as a concept in economics, but Robert Nozick argues in Anarchy, State and Utopia that substantively the same concept exists in a number of other areas of academic discourse under different names, notably Darwinian natural selection. In turn, Daniel Dennett has argued in Darwin’s Dangerous Idea that this represents a â€Å"universal acid† which may be applied to a number of seemingly disparate areas of philosophical enquiry (consciousness and free will in particular).

Impact of Mobiles on Youth Essay

Globalization has many aspects. It contains important discursive aspects in the form of ideologically charged narratives that put before the public a particular agenda of topics for discussion, question to ask and claims to make. The whole world is accepting and adopting the ways towards the advancement of technology. The youth is playing a vital role in this rapid pace. The strong and mighty cultures are toppling the frail ones. Unfortunately the countries like Pakistan, India and Bangladesh have strong cultural values, norms and customs that are easily fettered by the western cultural onslaught. Our youth is concentrating on some bad choices. In this global village, firstly our youth was allured to divert their attention towards the internet. They have changed a lot by the usage of internet. A few of them have inclined for knowledge, information, awareness and exposure but the majority of them appear to have misused the internet. To some extent, people were done up and vexed with internet but due to the ensconsment of cellular technology all gaps have been bridged for the destruction of youth. The telecommunication companies in our country have been inclined towards introducing new and attractive packages for youth like Mobilink (ladies first, happy hours), Warid (zem series), Ufone (public demand, prepay life panch ka pandra, u circle) Telenor (talkshawk Aone, djuice) and Zong’s life package. The question arises why these companies are introducing these packages without the social mobilization to check the mindset of the youth. Are they trying to facilitate the common man or only youth? I think except on very urgent occasions ordinarily no one would like to talk after midnight. All necessary and normal interactions can be dealt with during daytime but the companies offer the packages that start after end of family or business communication. My feeling is that these packages are more likely to spoil and ravage our youth than to do anything else. In our youth segment the majority is student community that is spell bounded by these packages. They are losing the essence of their profession/studies. They are derailing and deviating themselves. They are getting away from their goals, destinies and motives. Their minds are becoming stagnant and static. Creativity and innovation is blocked by the consistent telephonic conversations spread over the whole of night. They are losing their interest towards the interactions and sociality. Alienation is increasing within small community or groups of people. In one room four roommates are strangers to one another. They never try to tie up the relation because they don’t have a pinch of time. By talking whole night with opposite sex, they are getting psychologically weak and pressured. There are many other physical distortions also arising due to spending the precious time which is needed compulsory rest, relaxation, relief and mental health. Due to spending whole nights the absenteeism is skyrocketing in every profession. They are going far and far away from the hold of families. They tell lies and have false communication with their parents. They are betraying the decisions, trust and expectations of their parents. They are traveling towards the lone parent family system in which one is not accountable to anyone and he is the only decision maker. Such kind of behavior is leading towards the social fragmentation and terrible decline of moral values in which respect is core one. They are crossing the restraints and limitations, very essential for the well integrated society. Due to the bogus projection of the companies their effectiveness and determination is diminishing if we put a furtive glimpse on the chart of protests and rallies conducted against the negative policies, the ratio of youth’ contribution is at minor level and seems vanished because they have engrossed in making affairs and spending their potential and energy to locate the suitable packages. Their mental approach is revolving around sexual satisfaction. Other emotions and sentiments are pushed oblivion, there are forgetting that there are so many matters that need their kind attention. They have obsessed devoid of manners and healthy attitude to other requisites and needs. It is obliterating the mental capacity and concentration of the youth like plague. There is a critical and pathetic state prevailing over the sky of our nation. The whole nation is passing through the chaos, disturbance and mental incapacitation. We are not realizing that what is worth of our youth? That’s why we ourselves are paving the way for our youth towards the devastation and shoving them into fire. The mobile companies have every right to work out innovative packages offering greater value of money to their customers. But they should not making profits by compromising on the interests of the young generation.

Free Essays on Character And Point Of View In A&P

Character and Point of View in â€Å"A&P† The story â€Å"A&P† is a short story that has many good qualities. It is told from the first person point of view of Sammy. The story is about the brief experience of three young women in bathing suits in the A&P store where Sammy worked as a cashier. The story shows us much about Sammy and how he views the world. This view of Sammy is made more complete because the story is told from his point of view. This enables the reader to see what he is thinking and to have a better understanding of how he may be feeling. The story, â€Å"A&P† show us much about how young men may sometimes view the world. In the story â€Å"A&P† the main character is a grocery store clerk named Sammy. Sammy is a young man who had turned nineteen the past April. The story is told from Sammy’s perspective which gives us insight into his thoughts and emotions. Sammy is a selfish, shallow young man views women mainly as objects for men to lust after. Sammy’s view of women is reinforced time and time again throughout the story. Within the first five lines of the story he begins to stare at and then describe a young girl’s â€Å"can† to the point that he is distracted enough as to not know whether he had rung up a box of HiHo crackers that he has in his hands. His disrespectful view of the female gender is again brought to light in the way he describes the woman who he has accidentally charged twice for the HiHo crackers. He describes her as a witch and immediately begins to say that she probably had enjoyed yelling at him for making a mistake. He then proceeds to make a comment about how he had to â€Å"smooth her feathers† and stated that had she been born at the right time she would have been burned at the stake. After he gets done criticizing the customer his attention returns to the three young girls in bathing suits. He begins to describe each one’s appearance being sure to point out any flaws tha... Free Essays on Character And Point Of View In A&P Free Essays on Character And Point Of View In A&P Character and Point of View in â€Å"A&P† The story â€Å"A&P† is a short story that has many good qualities. It is told from the first person point of view of Sammy. The story is about the brief experience of three young women in bathing suits in the A&P store where Sammy worked as a cashier. The story shows us much about Sammy and how he views the world. This view of Sammy is made more complete because the story is told from his point of view. This enables the reader to see what he is thinking and to have a better understanding of how he may be feeling. The story, â€Å"A&P† show us much about how young men may sometimes view the world. In the story â€Å"A&P† the main character is a grocery store clerk named Sammy. Sammy is a young man who had turned nineteen the past April. The story is told from Sammy’s perspective which gives us insight into his thoughts and emotions. Sammy is a selfish, shallow young man views women mainly as objects for men to lust after. Sammy’s view of women is reinforced time and time again throughout the story. Within the first five lines of the story he begins to stare at and then describe a young girl’s â€Å"can† to the point that he is distracted enough as to not know whether he had rung up a box of HiHo crackers that he has in his hands. His disrespectful view of the female gender is again brought to light in the way he describes the woman who he has accidentally charged twice for the HiHo crackers. He describes her as a witch and immediately begins to say that she probably had enjoyed yelling at him for making a mistake. He then proceeds to make a comment about how he had to â€Å"smooth her feathers† and stated that had she been born at the right time she would have been burned at the stake. After he gets done criticizing the customer his attention returns to the three young girls in bathing suits. He begins to describe each one’s appearance being sure to point out any flaws tha...

How to Write White Papers People Actually Want to Read (Free Template)

How to Write White Papers People Actually Want to Read (Free Template) What’s the first thing that enters your mind when you hear â€Å"white paper†? If you’ve never written one before (or work at Dunder Mifflin), you might think plain printer paper.   And that’s †¦ well, technically, that’s accurate. The white papers we’ll be talking about today are different. These research-based reports (typically longer than a blog post but shorter than an ebook) are a staple content format for marketers. When they’re well-written, they’re powerful tools for solving problems, establishing authority, and generating leads. However, they’ve developed a poor reputation in some marketing circles. That’s because too many white papers are thoughtlessly churned out with an assembly-line mentality. Ever download something called a â€Å"white paper† that was actually a thin and poorly-disguised sales brochure? A lot of us have. In this post, youll learn how to write white papers that don’t suck. Instead of cranking out crap to meet ill-conceived content quotas, it will walk through how to plan, write, format, and promote quality white papers. Ones that actually get read, smash your business objectives, and make you a star for your organization. Plus, its based 100% on first-hand experience. How to Write White Papers People Actually Want to Read Table of Contents So, What Are White Papers, Exactly? Examples of Real-Life White Papers The White Paper Template Getting Started Writing Your White Paper Outline Research How to Write Your White Paper How to Format White Papers the Best Way Edit. Edit. Edit. Handing Off For Design Promotion So, What Are White Papers, Exactly? A white paper is a document that argues a specific position or solves a problem for its audience. They first originated as a type of official government document. According to Purdue Owl: Typically, the purpose of a white paper is to advocate that a certain position is the best way to go or that a certain solution is best for a particular problem. When it is used for commercial purposes, it could influence the decision-making processes of current and prospective customers. 7 Examples of Actual White Papers That explains that much. But, what does a white paper usually look like? Generally, they’re formatted as PDFs and look somewhat similar to an ebook or typical research report. Here are some samples: How to Win at Local SEO (Sundog Interactive you might recognize the author) LinkedIn Marketing Resources (a library of white papers) Citation Cleanup: Assessing the Damage, Estimating Your Project Timeline (Moz) Microsoft AI Platform: Build Intelligent Software (Microsoft) Google Security White Paper (Google) Coffee in America (Experian) Apple ProRes (Apple) Straight-forward stuff so far. DID YOU KNOW: You can manage marketing projects (including white paper development), plan deadlines, and schedule social promotion all on one marketing calendar with ? See how it works. This White Paper Template + Blog Post = Your Success In this post, well dig into the nuts and bolts of writing effective white papers. But first, be sure to grab your free white paper template (Word format). Then, use it to put all the advice in this post into practice.So, You’re Going to Write a White Paper. How Do You Get Started? Before you jump into writing, you have some planning to do. Sure, this takes time off from actually producing the work. It’s necessary though to ensure what you write is purposeful and effective. First Things First: White Paper Ideation Let’s figure out what you’re going to write about. This involves several steps. Figure Out Who You’re Writing For Who’s going to read your white paper? Ideally, your organization or agency should have an idea who your target audiences and customers are. If not, we’ve put together a comprehensive guide that might help. Identify Problems You Can Solve For Them Once you’ve identified your audience, think about what kinds of information they need from you. Secondarily, you might also tie that back into your own products or services. That sets you up at the solution to that problem. Generate Ideas When you know what problems to solve, you’ve got a purpose for your white paper. The next challenge, then, is to decide which ones to write about, and from which angle. A simple brainstorming session can help with this. Or, start by asking a few questions: Which problems are top priority?  Consider starting with ones that are most pressing or timely. Which problems can I tie back into my business?  Say your organization wants to be known as an authority on an area you’re new to. Or, maybe you have a new product or service offering coming out, and want to position yourself as the best option. Find ideas that align your goals with your audience’s. What are we experts on? If you have deep knowledge or expertise on an area you’re known for, a white paper can help reinforce that perception. Recommended Reading: The Best 30-Minute Content Marketing Brainstorming Process Determine If A White Paper Is Really the Best Content Format Before you get too far along, you might decide a different format would work better to reach your audience and achieve your goals. Follow this graphic to help decide if writing a white paper is the best approach: Next, Write Your Outline White papers are usually fairly long. The same outlining process you’d use for a shorter piece, like a blog post, will work here. You might need to make it a bit longer or more detailed, though, to avoid getting lost in your thoughts partway through. An effective white paper outline should include: Headline or working title: You don’t have to settle on a headline or title right away, but start with a working version that describes your topic. Our Headline Analyzer  can help. An executive summary: This is essentially a brief (200 words or so) description of what your white paper will be about. Think of it like a short pitch for why someone should write what you’re about to write. Your introduction: Which points will you touch on in your intro? These are what you’ll expand on in the body of your white paper. Section sub-headings: Like your headline, these don’t need to be final yet. But, you should have a clear idea of what you’ll discuss in each section. If your headline is the core problem you’ll solve, consider each sub-heading a sub-point or step toward resolving it. Beneath each sub-heading, include further bullet points clarifying exactly what you’ll write about. This is all about knowing what you want to say before you try to say it. Sidebars: White papers often include sidebars or breakout boxes with additional information or data tables, like what you’d find in a magazine. In each section, list any possible sidebar ideas you might have. This could include any research or data you’ll need to find (more on this in a bit). Conclusion: Summarize your key takeaways. If it’s appropriate, you might consider adding a call-to-action here, too. Recommended Reading: How to Write a Call to Action In a Template With 6 Examples Here’s what a hypothetical outline might look like: Do Your Research Good white papers are fact-based and research-driven. You’re not here to throw your opinions out to the world without data to back them up. Depending on what you’re covering, you might get by with nothing more than Google and your company’s own insights. If you want to take things to the next level, though, you’ll need to do deeper research. Let’s take a dive. Dig Into Research Reports Industry research reports can provide an excellent data-backed foundation for your content. Seek out research groups (such as Forrester) or professional organizations that produce original research. Then, cite relevant stats and findings where appropriate. Check Out Wolfram Alpha Wolfram Alpha  calls itself a â€Å"computational knowledge engine.† What does that mean? It’s a search engine for facts and data with calculation functionality built in. It’s an extremely robust and powerful tool for research. Check out some of these top-level categories for things it can do: While we can’t go too far in-depth on how to use Wolfram Alpha here, they have plenty of help guides and resources  to get you on your way. Make Use of Government Websites Depending on your industry, there are several government websites that might be helpful. Here’s a handful to consider: U.S. Small Business Administration American Fact Finder Bureau of Labor Statistics Do Your Own Original Research This is the most difficult option, but it can provide the most valuable results. If you have access to publically-available information, so does your competition. Original research you produced yourself, however, is uniquely powerful. Here are just a few benefits to original research: It establishes you and your organization as an authoritative source. Wouldn’t it be awesome if your white paper became a highly-linked source of information for others? It gives you something no one else has. And that would make your white paper much more valuable than something anyone could have slapped together spending an afternoon with Google. You’ll learn more about your audience and industry. Last year, we did a survey of our blog audience. We were then able to turn our findings into a 5,000+ word blog post. That’s long enough that it could have been a white paper, had we decided to publish it as one. It taught us a lot about our audience, too, including things we wouldn’t have learned otherwise. If you have the time and resources to do your own research study, Andy Crestodina of Orbit Media Studios has a fantastic guide to get you started. Recommended Listening: How to Boost Your Results With Original Research As A Marketing Tactic With Andy Crestodina From Orbit Media Studios [015] Now You're Ready to Format and Write This White Paper We’ve done a lot of things so far. Some of it even involved a little bit of writing. Mostly, though, we’ve spent our time getting ready to write. Writing a white paper isn’t easy. You’re now staring down an intense and involved project. If you’re writing in an industry where you’re not a subject matter expert, then your preparation (outlining, researching, and working with internal or client SMEs) is going to be even more important. You’ve got this, though. Flex those fingers, tap into your inner Hemingway, and let’s knock this thing out. Tap into your inner Hemingway and knock out an awesome white paper.How Do White Papers Differ From Writing Other Types of Content? We’ve touched on this a little earlier, but it’s worth repeating here. While there are some similarities, writing a white paper isn’t quite like writing a blog post, case study, research report, grocery list, or †¦ well, you get the point. It’s decidedly it’s own animal and should be treated as such. White papers should be: Professional in tone: This is formal, almost academic-style writing. Narrowly-focused: Pick one topic and explore it thoroughly. Fact-based:  Unverified claims don’t belong here. Data-backed: You don’t have to like math, but you have to love what numbers can do to make your writing stronger. Writing Your Title Or Headline Your headline is the first thing that will sell your white paper to your audience. You want to write something that conveys clear value up front and gets them to click. However, you also want to avoid anything that could be perceived as click bait, or overly casual. So, your headline should hit each of the following checkboxes: Establish a clear benefit to your reader: Why should they care? What’s in it for them to read past your title page? Including interesting stats or a strong action verb can help. Sound professional: Even if your blog or social media content is fun and light-hearted, a white paper should strike a professional tone. It doesn’t need to be sterile and lifeless, per se, but use your best judgment here. Set realistic expectations for your reader: If your headline reads, â€Å"Ten Ways Shipping Companies Can Deliver Faster Shipments,† you better go into detail on all ten tactics. You’d be surprised how many â€Å"white papers† throw a paragraph of text surrounded by images onto a page and call it good. If you’re going to create crap, just say up front you’re creating crap. Or better yet, don’t write your white paper at all. Commit to quality or stay home. Commit to quality or stay home.Let’s take a look at five hypothetical headline examples you can follow: How SaaS Companies Can Onboard 53% More Customers In 2017 Why Are Content Calendars Important For Marketing Teams 7 Ways Small Businesses Can Compete With Enterprise Corporations Why Companies Should Use Agile Project Management How Nonprofits Can Do Better Fundraising These examples aren’t wildly creative, but they all include at least one of the following: A clear benefit A stat or action verb A professional tone Writing Your Introduction Your intro should quickly hook your audience while covering the main points the rest of your document will cover. Here’s everything it should cover: State the problem your white paper intends to solve. To create added urgency, it should also touch on the consequences for not taking action.   Summarize the key areas your white paper will cover. Give a high-level overview of what readers can expect from start to finish.   Explain the benefits of reading your white paper. What will your reader be equipped to do after reading what you have to say? Writing Each Subsection Once you’ve hooked a reader’s attention with your intro, you’ll want to keep it. So, make sure each section delivers on the promises you made in your introduction. When you’re writing an (extremely) long-form piece, it can be easy to get lost. That’s why sticking to an outline is so important (and we do hope you spent some time putting one together). With thorough research and a strong outline in hand, you can make the actual writing exponentially easier. Let’s look at a hypothetical outline: How to Select a Veterinarian Find options in your area Research each one Make a call If we were to write this section, we’d start with a paragraph about the importance of selecting a good veterinarian. We’d then dedicate a paragraph or two (or more) to each sub-point. Following this order will ensure your writing flows well from one point to the next in a logical order. When writing each section, consider using bulleted lists to make text easy to skim. For example: This is an insightful point about your topic. Here’s another interesting piece of data. Finally, here is a third important takeaway. Continue until you’ve worked through each portion of your outline. How to Write White Papers People Actually Want to Read (Free Template) What’s the first thing that enters your mind when you hear â€Å"white paper†? If you’ve never written one before (or work at Dunder Mifflin), you might think plain printer paper.   And that’s †¦ well, technically, that’s accurate. The white papers we’ll be talking about today are different. These research-based reports (typically longer than a blog post but shorter than an ebook) are a staple content format for marketers. When they’re well-written, they’re powerful tools for solving problems, establishing authority, and generating leads. However, they’ve developed a poor reputation in some marketing circles. That’s because too many white papers are thoughtlessly churned out with an assembly-line mentality. Ever download something called a â€Å"white paper† that was actually a thin and poorly-disguised sales brochure? A lot of us have. In this post, youll learn how to write white papers that don’t suck. Instead of cranking out crap to meet ill-conceived content quotas, it will walk through how to plan, write, format, and promote quality white papers. Ones that actually get read, smash your business objectives, and make you a star for your organization. Plus, its based 100% on first-hand experience. How to Write White Papers People Actually Want to Read Table of Contents So, What Are White Papers, Exactly? Examples of Real-Life White Papers The White Paper Template Getting Started Writing Your White Paper Outline Research How to Write Your White Paper How to Format White Papers the Best Way Edit. Edit. Edit. Handing Off For Design Promotion So, What Are White Papers, Exactly? A white paper is a document that argues a specific position or solves a problem for its audience. They first originated as a type of official government document. According to Purdue Owl: Typically, the purpose of a white paper is to advocate that a certain position is the best way to go or that a certain solution is best for a particular problem. When it is used for commercial purposes, it could influence the decision-making processes of current and prospective customers. 7 Examples of Actual White Papers That explains that much. But, what does a white paper usually look like? Generally, they’re formatted as PDFs and look somewhat similar to an ebook or typical research report. Here are some samples: How to Win at Local SEO (Sundog Interactive you might recognize the author) LinkedIn Marketing Resources (a library of white papers) Citation Cleanup: Assessing the Damage, Estimating Your Project Timeline (Moz) Microsoft AI Platform: Build Intelligent Software (Microsoft) Google Security White Paper (Google) Coffee in America (Experian) Apple ProRes (Apple) Straight-forward stuff so far. DID YOU KNOW: You can manage marketing projects (including white paper development), plan deadlines, and schedule social promotion all on one marketing calendar with ? See how it works. This White Paper Template + Blog Post = Your Success In this post, well dig into the nuts and bolts of writing effective white papers. But first, be sure to grab your free white paper template (Word format). Then, use it to put all the advice in this post into practice.So, You’re Going to Write a White Paper. How Do You Get Started? Before you jump into writing, you have some planning to do. Sure, this takes time off from actually producing the work. It’s necessary though to ensure what you write is purposeful and effective. First Things First: White Paper Ideation Let’s figure out what you’re going to write about. This involves several steps. Figure Out Who You’re Writing For Who’s going to read your white paper? Ideally, your organization or agency should have an idea who your target audiences and customers are. If not, we’ve put together a comprehensive guide that might help. Identify Problems You Can Solve For Them Once you’ve identified your audience, think about what kinds of information they need from you. Secondarily, you might also tie that back into your own products or services. That sets you up at the solution to that problem. Generate Ideas When you know what problems to solve, you’ve got a purpose for your white paper. The next challenge, then, is to decide which ones to write about, and from which angle. A simple brainstorming session can help with this. Or, start by asking a few questions: Which problems are top priority?  Consider starting with ones that are most pressing or timely. Which problems can I tie back into my business?  Say your organization wants to be known as an authority on an area you’re new to. Or, maybe you have a new product or service offering coming out, and want to position yourself as the best option. Find ideas that align your goals with your audience’s. What are we experts on? If you have deep knowledge or expertise on an area you’re known for, a white paper can help reinforce that perception. Recommended Reading: The Best 30-Minute Content Marketing Brainstorming Process Determine If A White Paper Is Really the Best Content Format Before you get too far along, you might decide a different format would work better to reach your audience and achieve your goals. Follow this graphic to help decide if writing a white paper is the best approach: Next, Write Your Outline White papers are usually fairly long. The same outlining process you’d use for a shorter piece, like a blog post, will work here. You might need to make it a bit longer or more detailed, though, to avoid getting lost in your thoughts partway through. An effective white paper outline should include: Headline or working title: You don’t have to settle on a headline or title right away, but start with a working version that describes your topic. Our Headline Analyzer  can help. An executive summary: This is essentially a brief (200 words or so) description of what your white paper will be about. Think of it like a short pitch for why someone should write what you’re about to write. Your introduction: Which points will you touch on in your intro? These are what you’ll expand on in the body of your white paper. Section sub-headings: Like your headline, these don’t need to be final yet. But, you should have a clear idea of what you’ll discuss in each section. If your headline is the core problem you’ll solve, consider each sub-heading a sub-point or step toward resolving it. Beneath each sub-heading, include further bullet points clarifying exactly what you’ll write about. This is all about knowing what you want to say before you try to say it. Sidebars: White papers often include sidebars or breakout boxes with additional information or data tables, like what you’d find in a magazine. In each section, list any possible sidebar ideas you might have. This could include any research or data you’ll need to find (more on this in a bit). Conclusion: Summarize your key takeaways. If it’s appropriate, you might consider adding a call-to-action here, too. Recommended Reading: How to Write a Call to Action In a Template With 6 Examples Here’s what a hypothetical outline might look like: Do Your Research Good white papers are fact-based and research-driven. You’re not here to throw your opinions out to the world without data to back them up. Depending on what you’re covering, you might get by with nothing more than Google and your company’s own insights. If you want to take things to the next level, though, you’ll need to do deeper research. Let’s take a dive. Dig Into Research Reports Industry research reports can provide an excellent data-backed foundation for your content. Seek out research groups (such as Forrester) or professional organizations that produce original research. Then, cite relevant stats and findings where appropriate. Check Out Wolfram Alpha Wolfram Alpha  calls itself a â€Å"computational knowledge engine.† What does that mean? It’s a search engine for facts and data with calculation functionality built in. It’s an extremely robust and powerful tool for research. Check out some of these top-level categories for things it can do: While we can’t go too far in-depth on how to use Wolfram Alpha here, they have plenty of help guides and resources  to get you on your way. Make Use of Government Websites Depending on your industry, there are several government websites that might be helpful. Here’s a handful to consider: U.S. Small Business Administration American Fact Finder Bureau of Labor Statistics Do Your Own Original Research This is the most difficult option, but it can provide the most valuable results. If you have access to publically-available information, so does your competition. Original research you produced yourself, however, is uniquely powerful. Here are just a few benefits to original research: It establishes you and your organization as an authoritative source. Wouldn’t it be awesome if your white paper became a highly-linked source of information for others? It gives you something no one else has. And that would make your white paper much more valuable than something anyone could have slapped together spending an afternoon with Google. You’ll learn more about your audience and industry. Last year, we did a survey of our blog audience. We were then able to turn our findings into a 5,000+ word blog post. That’s long enough that it could have been a white paper, had we decided to publish it as one. It taught us a lot about our audience, too, including things we wouldn’t have learned otherwise. If you have the time and resources to do your own research study, Andy Crestodina of Orbit Media Studios has a fantastic guide to get you started. Recommended Listening: How to Boost Your Results With Original Research As A Marketing Tactic With Andy Crestodina From Orbit Media Studios [015] Now You're Ready to Format and Write This White Paper We’ve done a lot of things so far. Some of it even involved a little bit of writing. Mostly, though, we’ve spent our time getting ready to write. Writing a white paper isn’t easy. You’re now staring down an intense and involved project. If you’re writing in an industry where you’re not a subject matter expert, then your preparation (outlining, researching, and working with internal or client SMEs) is going to be even more important. You’ve got this, though. Flex those fingers, tap into your inner Hemingway, and let’s knock this thing out. Tap into your inner Hemingway and knock out an awesome white paper.How Do White Papers Differ From Writing Other Types of Content? We’ve touched on this a little earlier, but it’s worth repeating here. While there are some similarities, writing a white paper isn’t quite like writing a blog post, case study, research report, grocery list, or †¦ well, you get the point. It’s decidedly it’s own animal and should be treated as such. White papers should be: Professional in tone: This is formal, almost academic-style writing. Narrowly-focused: Pick one topic and explore it thoroughly. Fact-based:  Unverified claims don’t belong here. Data-backed: You don’t have to like math, but you have to love what numbers can do to make your writing stronger. Writing Your Title Or Headline Your headline is the first thing that will sell your white paper to your audience. You want to write something that conveys clear value up front and gets them to click. However, you also want to avoid anything that could be perceived as click bait, or overly casual. So, your headline should hit each of the following checkboxes: Establish a clear benefit to your reader: Why should they care? What’s in it for them to read past your title page? Including interesting stats or a strong action verb can help. Sound professional: Even if your blog or social media content is fun and light-hearted, a white paper should strike a professional tone. It doesn’t need to be sterile and lifeless, per se, but use your best judgment here. Set realistic expectations for your reader: If your headline reads, â€Å"Ten Ways Shipping Companies Can Deliver Faster Shipments,† you better go into detail on all ten tactics. You’d be surprised how many â€Å"white papers† throw a paragraph of text surrounded by images onto a page and call it good. If you’re going to create crap, just say up front you’re creating crap. Or better yet, don’t write your white paper at all. Commit to quality or stay home. Commit to quality or stay home.Let’s take a look at five hypothetical headline examples you can follow: How SaaS Companies Can Onboard 53% More Customers In 2017 Why Are Content Calendars Important For Marketing Teams 7 Ways Small Businesses Can Compete With Enterprise Corporations Why Companies Should Use Agile Project Management How Nonprofits Can Do Better Fundraising These examples aren’t wildly creative, but they all include at least one of the following: A clear benefit A stat or action verb A professional tone Writing Your Introduction Your intro should quickly hook your audience while covering the main points the rest of your document will cover. Here’s everything it should cover: State the problem your white paper intends to solve. To create added urgency, it should also touch on the consequences for not taking action.   Summarize the key areas your white paper will cover. Give a high-level overview of what readers can expect from start to finish.   Explain the benefits of reading your white paper. What will your reader be equipped to do after reading what you have to say? Writing Each Subsection Once you’ve hooked a reader’s attention with your intro, you’ll want to keep it. So, make sure each section delivers on the promises you made in your introduction. When you’re writing an (extremely) long-form piece, it can be easy to get lost. That’s why sticking to an outline is so important (and we do hope you spent some time putting one together). With thorough research and a strong outline in hand, you can make the actual writing exponentially easier. Let’s look at a hypothetical outline: How to Select a Veterinarian Find options in your area Research each one Make a call If we were to write this section, we’d start with a paragraph about the importance of selecting a good veterinarian. We’d then dedicate a paragraph or two (or more) to each sub-point. Following this order will ensure your writing flows well from one point to the next in a logical order. When writing each section, consider using bulleted lists to make text easy to skim. For example: This is an insightful point about your topic. Here’s another interesting piece of data. Finally, here is a third important takeaway. Continue until you’ve worked through each portion of your outline.

10 of the most useful apps for nurses

10 of the most useful apps for nurses We know nurses have to do it all: gain the trust of the medical staff and tend to patients’ physical and emotional needs, all while having some of the best memories in any industry. While the emotional side of the job usually comes with years of experience, there are a few apps out there geared toward making the information part of nurses’ lives a little easier to learn and remember.If you’re a nurse, or know a nurse, check these apps out and prepare to rejoice.1. Human Anatomy AtlasThis 3D atlas of the human body lets you search for the exact anatomy you need to see. With extremely detailed visuals that you can move and dissect, you’ll also get definitions with pronunciations of tons of medical terminology, a 1,000+ question test bank, and the ability to read information in 7 languages.2. Med MnemonicsDaunted by all the terminology you need to remember cold? This app helps you figure out ways to trick your brain with fun and easy-to-remember wordplay for more than 1,900 terms and concepts.3. NCSBN FlashcardsThe Medication Flashcards from the National Council of State Boards of Nursing give you an instant download of an entire medication library. It’s great for studying for exams like the NCLEX, but also a great reference point throughout your career.4. EpocratesThis app is a one-stop resource for all medical professionals. In it, you’ll find tons of information on prescription drugs, interactions, and diseases; medical news; the ability to calculate key formulas; and much, much more.5. PEPIDThere’s a different version of this app for everyone- nurses, EMTs, physicians, students, etc. It’s a great (and comprehensive) resource guide for all stages of a medical career, in which you will have access to a drug database, dosing and medical calculators, and high-resolution art.6. Taber’s Medical DictionaryThis is a mobile version of one of the best medical dictionaries out there. It even has photos, pronu nciations, videos, and the ability to save â€Å"favorites.† This free resource gives you more than 65,000 definitions and 1,200 images at your fingertips.7. Nursing CentralThis is another one-stop-shop app that gives you references for diseases, drugs, and exam prep, plus a literature search function. You’ll also gain access to a bunch of databases including Davis’s Drug Guide, Taber’s Medical Dictionary, Diseases and Disorders, and MEDLINE Search and Journals.8. NurseGridThis one helps you organize and plan your life with color-coding and calendars galore. You can coordinate your schedule and shifts with your entire department: see who you’re working with, message your colleagues, and generally stay on top of your work and personal life, all for free!9. Pill Identifier and Drug ListNeed to identify a drug and learn everything about it? This is the app for you- and it’s free! In it, you will find information for 60,000+ drugs, plus images o f many medications so you can identify them by color, shape, and imprint.10. MediBabble TranslatorUse this app to communicate with non-English speaking patients. Even if you have some working knowledge of another language, chances are the medical terms will be tricky!

Managing Complex World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Complex World - Essay Example ides due significance to develop principles in abidance with the legal framework of Australia, where high attention is drained on the health, safety and welfare related aspects of the country (Kaufman, 2010). On the other hand, Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA) has been operating its functions with high emphasis towards the opportunities and treats of the Australian banking sector and the expectations of the Australian consumers thereupon. During the analysis, it was also revealed that the organization provides utmost significance to the external environmental trends that affects its strategic policies in relation to the banking rules and regulations being enacted (Robbins & et. al., 2012). In other words, environment considerations delivered by CBA is observed as much lesser in comparison to Wesfarmers Australia, which can be further related to the diversified organizational goals and external market trends witnessed by the two organisations. Similarly, when analyzing the environment of the Swinburne University, it was observed that the Swinburne University has been much emphasized towards its contribution to education system with the aim of ensuring economic stability of the country. Besides, Swinburne University has focused towards the education and employment associated prospects concentrated on its social classification (Swinburne, 2013). Simultaneously, Forestry Stewardship Certification (FSC) is an Australian forestry based organization, which has been recently highly emphasized towards taking actions against the abuses performed on animals in the Australian environment. It is in this context that during the environmental analysis, the organisation has concentrated on Australian Forestry Standard and the problems regarding the food supply of the animal, with due focus on the responsibilities of the Government in this context (Amis, 2013). While all these notions and strategic intents of the four companies may seem to be directed towards their corporate

Common core standards for mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Common core standards for mathematics - Essay Example Reaching grade level seven, students must arm themselves with the basic knowledge in Geometry. It may all be about identifying shapes or using figures to solve a problem, but in Common Core State Standards Initiative or CCSSI (2012), the guideline set in this category goes beyond classifying figures since the emphasis was on the application on â€Å"angle† measurements and covered distances. The ability of students to grasp the idea of distance within surfaces in solving realistic situations is the goal of teachers in this grade level (Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2012). On the other hand, New Jersey Department of Education Office of Academic Standards or NJCCCS (2008) focuses on how to measure geometrically-perceived things and expects students to innovate, as well as execute cognitive actions, to come up with the measured distances of the shapes combined. Guidelines include the use of grids for estimating measurements (New Jersey Department of Education Office of Academic Standards, 2008). Both guidelines from CCSSI and NJCCCS are somewhat interconnected. Both focus on the ability of students to apply prior knowledge in real events and their lives, as well. The goal is for students to master the guideline and all its related outcomes affixed for grade seven Geometry. Once a student has proven to accomplish the grade level’s expectations, he/she will be able to move to the next level to optimize his/her learning

You can choose the topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

You can choose the topic - Essay Example It has also been noted that consumers are not conscious enough about the pollution that their cars cause the environment. If citizens would opt to use more of the public means of transport as opposed to their cars, then the amount of exhaust gases released to the atmosphere would drastically be reduced. There is a need therefore for the government to take measures to ensure that amount of exhaust gases released by cars is reduced (National Geographic, 2013). Factories powered by fossil fuels release a lot of waste gases to the atmosphere. This is especially pronounced in the developed nations which have vast networks of industries. The exhaust gases released to the atmosphere are mainly carbon dioxide gas and other poisonous gases which significantly cause air pollution. Laxity on the part of the government to ensure that there are constant checks to ensure that gases released are regulated is to blame. Some of these factories are within residential areas and therefore the air polluted poses a significant risk to human health. Some of the gases released may react with rain water to form acidic rains. The government needs to take severer measures to ensure that factories continuously filter the amount of gases they release to the atmosphere to lessen the level of air pollution caused (National Geographic, 2013). Coal is still popular in the US as a source of energy. Coal burns for a long time but unfortunately releases a lot of carbon monoxide to the atmosphere. Coal is still significantly being used to generate electricity in the US and in this process it releases millions of volumes of carbon monoxide to the atmosphere. Coal is cheap and is readily available thus it has become a favorite option for power generation. There is a need to find alternative source of energy to combat this pollution caused by coal (National Geographic, 2013). Some of the products used at home also have a

Research Proposal on Blood Donation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On Blood Donation - Research Proposal Example an individual who is in need of a blood transfusion, approximately 41000 donations are required on a daily basis and there is need for there to be a blood reserve in case of an emergency (American Red Cross). Unfortunately, there are blood donation shortages leading to a blood shortage throughout the country. This proposal addresses the problem of blood donation shortages and how it can be addressed. There is lack of adequate research in existing literature dealing with the concept of blood donation. In fact, existing literature has not shown the need for further research as studies conducted mainly address the major reasons affecting individual’s willingness to donate blood. The research study needs to be conducted to address the reasons behind the blood shortages in the US and how they can be addressed. Although past studies have concentrated on some of factors affecting individuals’ motivation to donate blood, they have failed to concentrate on how incentives can positively influence their decision to donate blood (Hough 67). The study raises issues about offering economic incentives to encourage individuals to donate blood and some of the major reasons why individuals fail to donate blood. Various factors influence blood donation decisions including incentives, health concerns and the effects on the donor. Offering incentives is likely to have a positive impact on blood donation since it motivates individuals a higher number of individuals to donate blood. According to this theory, intentions are the major antecedents to behavior. Intention is the then paves the way for attitudes, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms. This model has been supported by a number of studies that have found that model accounts for 39 percent and 27 percent of the variance in intentions and behavior respectively. In the current study, the model can be used to explain the variance in blood donation between 31 percent and 72 percent and between 54 percent and 56

The rules on the deduction of expenses for employed and self-employed Essay

The rules on the deduction of expenses for employed and self-employed persons are different and create inequity in the tax syste - Essay Example Then, on the behalf of the employees, the employers are required to pay the deducted amount to the treasury. ITEPA 2003 provides for the taxation of employees who are resident and ordinarily resident in the UK. According to Section 18, all general earnings are subjected to tax that are received in the form of money. Section 19 deals with the general earnings received in non-monetary forms. The self-employed are those taxpayers who have their own businesses and act as sole traders. They are required to pay their taxes through self-assessment. The extent to which deductions are allowed for the self-employed tends to be more than they are for the employed taxpayers. As a general rule, all amounts that are given to the employees are taxable regardless of the fact whether the taxpayers hold the employment or not. This rule has a few exceptions though. For instance, Section 85 and 93 provide that provision of a non-cash voucher or a credit token --which is of a kind made available to the p ublic generally-- to an employee, or a member of his family, is not taxable if it is provided on no more favorable terms than to the public generally. There is a reduction in meal vouchers u/s 89. ... The income of a self-employed taxpayer is regarded as income from trade and is taxed under ITTOIA 2005. All the profits from trade are taxed after deducting all the deductible allowances. The deductible expenses include all those expenses that are incurred wholly and exclusively for the purposes of the trade and all those losses are allowed to be deducted that are connected out of the trade. Section 34b provides that for any expense that is incurred for more than one purpose, only that part or portion shall be deductible that can be identified as incurred wholly and exclusively for the purposes of the trade. In the same way, expenses that are incurred by the employees wholly and exclusively for the purposes of employment are also allowed as deductions. For instance, s 390 of Income Tax Act 2007 grants relief for loans that are sanctioned for buying plant or machinery for employment use. There are certain expenses which are of such a nature that it becomes very difficult to ascertain whether they should be allowed as deductions or not. This difficulty not only arises in the cases of employees but also extends to the self-employed. In this regard, case law is very helpful. For instance, s.337(1) of ITEPA 2003 provides that for a travelling expense to be regarded as an allowable deduction: i. â€Å"The employee is obliged to incur and pay them as holder of the employment†; and ii. It must be an expense â€Å"necessarily incurred on travelling in the performance of the duties of the office or employment†. This section was created after the judgements in three landmark cases of Ricketts v Colquhoun (1925) 10 TC 118, Owen v Pook (1969) 45 TC 571 and Taylor v Proven (1974) 49 TC 579.

Research Proposal on Blood Donation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On Blood Donation - Research Proposal Example an individual who is in need of a blood transfusion, approximately 41000 donations are required on a daily basis and there is need for there to be a blood reserve in case of an emergency (American Red Cross). Unfortunately, there are blood donation shortages leading to a blood shortage throughout the country. This proposal addresses the problem of blood donation shortages and how it can be addressed. There is lack of adequate research in existing literature dealing with the concept of blood donation. In fact, existing literature has not shown the need for further research as studies conducted mainly address the major reasons affecting individual’s willingness to donate blood. The research study needs to be conducted to address the reasons behind the blood shortages in the US and how they can be addressed. Although past studies have concentrated on some of factors affecting individuals’ motivation to donate blood, they have failed to concentrate on how incentives can positively influence their decision to donate blood (Hough 67). The study raises issues about offering economic incentives to encourage individuals to donate blood and some of the major reasons why individuals fail to donate blood. Various factors influence blood donation decisions including incentives, health concerns and the effects on the donor. Offering incentives is likely to have a positive impact on blood donation since it motivates individuals a higher number of individuals to donate blood. According to this theory, intentions are the major antecedents to behavior. Intention is the then paves the way for attitudes, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms. This model has been supported by a number of studies that have found that model accounts for 39 percent and 27 percent of the variance in intentions and behavior respectively. In the current study, the model can be used to explain the variance in blood donation between 31 percent and 72 percent and between 54 percent and 56

Due Process Rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Due Process Rights - Research Paper Example The Due Process also is intended to make people feel that the government is fair in the way it treats citizens in the legal process by listening to both sides of the story (Cornell University Law School, 1992). In Procedural Due Process, the government has to do more than just act in accordance with the law, by observing and granting citizens far procedures, whether or not the procedures are provided for within the law. It would be unconstitutional for the government to deny citizens the due process. The Procedural Due Process is intended to guarantee basic fairness to all citizens regardless of the crimes purported to be committed. Fairness entails a variety of aspects including a chance to be heard in a timely and meaningful manner, the making of a decision based on substantial evidence and the right to even appeal the decision if need be. Due process also puts in focus the importance of individual rights and interests in question, so that the more important the interests are, the more reason why the due process must be afforded to a citizen. The Procedural Due Process entails three main steps, which begin by asking whether there has been a deprivation of rights. Secondly, it has to be established whether the deprivation is of life, liberty or property, and thirdly, there needs to be established what procedures to follow to ensure justice (Chemerinsky, n.d.). The first step determines whether the court would go through the due process, because if there has been a deprivation then it is important to undertake a procedural due process analysis. By undertaking the process, the court must determine the right procedures to follow, and consequently if the government procedures available are inadequate, this will constitute a deprivation of the due process. In these three steps, the Constitution advocates for a fair hearing, before a tribunal or court. The citizen in question must e given the opportunity to present their evidence, while

Network Operating Systems Essay Example for Free

Network Operating Systems Essay Multi tasking is when the operating system seems to be performing two or more tasks at the same time, i.e. MS Word and MS Access, however these tasks are not actually running simultaneously as they are actually resident in memory processor is actually switching between tasks at a very high speed, therefore each user sees their own task as having priority. One disadvantage can be that the more programs that are run by the user, the more memory that is required. Multi Tasking can be split into two categories, co-operative and pre-emptive. Co-operative is when the process currently controlling the CPU must offer a balanced share of the CPU to all other processes, hence Co-operative, as all processes must co-operate for it to work properly. Subsequently an MUOS will allow two or more users a share of the system resources at the same time. The use of the resources must be spread evenly between the requirements of the users so that a problem with one user does not become a problem between all users. Examples of co-operative multi tasking would be Windows 3x and Macintosh. Pre-emptive is when the applications are forced to share the CPU whether they want to or not and examples of this are Windows 95, NT and UNIX. How print sharing operates? NOS A print server allows multiple users access to a single printer. A print server will also give you information on the use of the printer. All print jobs are sent to a Network Printer, controlled by the server, where they will wait in turn to be printed. For example, you can: See how many people are using the printer; Set limits to the usage; Give higher priority to some workstations, allowing them to print before others; See who is currently printing or; See when your print job is coming up. MUOS The Multi-User Operating System Linux uses a printing system called LPD, which constantly runs as a background process and acts as a spooler for files when they are required to be printed. Spooling (Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line) is where all input/output of non-shareable devices is redirected to an intermediate shareable device. This is done, for example to stop other processes queuing for long periods of time to access a certain device. The most common form of spooling would be print spooling, where documents are printed at the printers own rate after being loaded into an intermediate shareable area (buffer).) is where all input/output of non-shareable devices is redirected to an intermediate shareable device. This is done, for example to stop other processes queuing for long periods of time to access a certain device. The most common form of spooling would be print spooling, where documents are printed at the printers own rate after being loaded into an intermed iate shareable area (buffer). System Failure and Robustness On a MUOS, data must be backed up on a regular basis, as if the server goes down then all unsaved work or data on the network is lost. It is therefore necessary to make a hard copy of all-important data. It is also important to have a recovery disc made upon installation. However, on a Network Operating System there is a system failure then only the unsaved data on the actual client is lost and not across the entire Network. The clients will still be almost fully operational without the server itself. A Multi-User Operating System tends to be a lot more robust than a Network Operating System. It is widely recognised that windows in particular is very unpredictable at times and is prone to fatal errors. This is not the case with the likes of Unix or Linux. Application, file sharing and file locking File sharing is a very important part of a Network Operating System. Users will continuously need to access and share the same files across a network and giving them usernames and passwords can do this. However if two or more users were to try and access the same file (for example, a Word document) at the same time and both users on the Network had read and write access, then only one user would be granted access at a time and the other would be denied. This concept is known as File Locking. This could be looked upon as a basic traffic system, if you like, where as soon as one user has access to a file then the red light is switched on. Then, when the first user has finished with the particular file, the green light shows and the second user is free to access the data. In a Multi User Operating System, you would find a different method known as NFS (Network File System). This is a where the server or Network Administrator can control which users can have which type of access to diffe rent applications or files at specific times. Comparison Architecture Clients A Network Operating System uses a Graphical User Interface, as it is part of the Microsoft Windows family, which are all GUIs. This makes the Operating System much easier to use in many ways such as being more user friendly and easier to learn. However a Multi-User Operating System like Unix for example would use a Command Line Interface. This has its good and bad points being that the user has greater level of control over commands; the System is more stable and does not use excessive system resources. On the other hand, the users would  have to familiarise themselves with a lot of commands which can be time consuming. Both have the Kernel as the heart of the Operating System. This is the part of the operating system that loads first, and it remains in main memory and typically, is responsible for memory management, I/O system management, file system management, process and task management and scheduling, and disk management. The Kernel is essentially the nucleus of the operating system that provides basic services for all other components of the operating system. For each process, the Kernel holds a process identifier, the user identity and the size and location of the process. A Network Operating System and a Multi-Use r Operating System will normally operate using Thick and Thin clients respectively: Thin Client: No hard disk on client Connected to a server Applications run on server Data stored on server Mouse, Video, Keyboard etc. through which you can access server Can support sound, CD-ROM etc. Thick Client: Client has own hard disk Client has storage space Client can have own applications stored ETC. Basically the opposite of Thin clients A Network Operating System can support many hundreds of clients across a Local Area Network as can a Multi User Operating System. Protocols and Internetworking In order for a Network Operating System to send or receive data, the data must be broken down into packets by a method called a protocol. Windows NT uses the IPX/SPX, NetBEUI, and TCP/IP protocols for network communication. Netware uses IPX/SPX. UNIX, Linux, and the Internet all use TCP/IP. While different protocols usually cannot talk directly with each other, most Network Operating Software can understand more than one protocol. This also adds the possibility of Internetworking for most Network operating Systems as they can communicate freely over different Networks unlike MUOS. Both types of operating system (NOS and MUOS) have built-in TCP/IP networking, for communications across all forms of networks, and between all forms of computers. Other Protocols and the respective layers of the OSI models at which they operate are shown here: Application Telnet, HTML Presentation SMB, NCP Session NETBIOS (NETBEUI) Transport TCP Network IP. TCP/IP, IPX/SPX Data Link Ethernet Physical Radio Scalability: Multi User Operating Systems are far more scalable because they can run on literally every hardware platform, from the slowest hardware to the worlds fastest. Additionally, most UNIX operating systems support more than one processor, so a machine configured with 4 processors can support many more users than a machine with one processor of the same type. Security: Security measures are very important on any Operating System. On a Network operating System such as Win 2000 server it would be fairly easy to install some sort of security software (Firewall) such as one of the Norton Internet Security packages. Anti-virus software is also readily available and very widely used. With a Multi-User Operating System such as Unix, there are a number of security tools available to download as Freeware that perform a vast array of different tasks relating to security. Hardware requirements: the Typical Hardware requirements for installing two different Operating Systems (Linux and windows 2000 server) are shown here below (minimum and recommended): MUOS (Linux) Minimum Requirements 200 MHZ Processor required 32MB RAM 650MB Hard Drive CD-ROM Network Card NOS (Windows 2000 Server) Minimum Requirements Pentium compatible 133MHZ or faster 128MB RAM 2GB Hard Drive 1GB Free Recommended Requirements Pentium II 200MHZ 256 MB RAM 9GB Hard Drive 2GB Free CD Rom Network Card Costs: Financially, Multi-User a Operating System would be much more viable than a Network Operating System due to the fact that the MUOS can use dumb Terminals, which basically means that the majority of the hardware and more importantly software is on the actual server i.e. the clients (workstations) have only the essential components needed to operate. These would include  Keyboard, Mouse, monitor etc. however in the event of having a very large Network this could in effect end up equally as costly as a Network Operating System. Role of Network Administrator The role of a network administrator in large companies and consulting firms may be only managing network servers, adding users, and adding printers. However, most network administrators also do some desktop support as well as controlling network addresses, protocols used, and the network interfaces because these are all obviously network components. The network administrator will also control routing, name resolution, and assignment of TCP and UDP socket numbers because, again, these are all pretty clearly network specific components. In small companies, day-to-day network administration is often not a full time job and is assigned as a part-time task to someone in the office. To troubleshoot a network you must understand things, such as: how individual PCs work, general networking concepts, and product specific features. A network administrator is a manager: not of people but of computing resources. A network administrator is creating and managing user accounts, installing and maintaining print services, ensuring that the network is running smoothly and that the computers are running efficiently, maintaining the integrity of the network, handling user complaints, and so forth. Users would be allowed access to system resources by means of a user account, which would be set up and then users would be allocated a username and password(s). This would allow the Network Administrator to set different security levels for different clients and users. For example, within a company or Business, you would have different levels of access for different levels of staff members with management having access to more resources and data than perhaps an office junior etc. A network administrator should be able to manage resources by doing the following: Creating, managing and utilizing Windows 2000 shared folders Using the Distributed File System to provide easy access to network resources Using the Windows 2000 events logs to monitor system and application activities Using the Task Manager to observe and monitor resources Using the System Monitor in the Performance tool to optimize performance Using security policies to protect data and system integrity Using auditing to track security events The Network Administrator is also responsible for budgeting decisions regarding the Network itself. This would involve very closely monitoring each and every client, making decisions on whether new hardware or software is required and when. Any Firewalls or Antivirus software would also have to be updated continuously. Bibliography http://www.north.ecasd.k12.wi.us/Departments/TCS/Web%20Pages/Powerpoints/IT%20Essentials%202%20NOS%20chpt%206%203-03.ppt http://www.pctechguide.com/29network.htm#Client-Server http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/N/network.html http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/server/default.asp http://www.k12.hi.us/~tethree/95-96/landesign/G02/WHAT.html http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/networknos/index.htm http://suned.sun.com/US/catalog/courses/EC-425.html http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/server/evaluation/business/overview/scalable/default.asp http://www.devdaily.com/unix/edu/UnixSysAdmin/node2.shtml http://www.linksys.com/edu/nos.asp http://www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~salmadra/common.htm http://linux.oreillynet.com/pub/a/linux/2000/07/20/LinuxAdmin.html http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/introint.htm#xtocid2 http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/unix_security_checklist2.0.html http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/usc20_full.html#A13 Dick, David (2002) The P.C. Support Handbook. Kirkintilloch: Dumbreck Publishing

Bisleri Company Profile

Bisleri Company Profile According to a report by Ikon, a marketing consulting company, the packaged water industry is estimated at Rs.8000 crore currently and is expected to touch Rs.10000 crore by the end of the fiscal 2012-13. It may also touch the Rs.15000 crore mark by 2015, according to the report. The industry has seen a compound annual growth rate of about 19%. Parles Bisleri has the highest market share of about 36%, followed by Coca-colas Kinley which has a market share of about 25% , followed by Aquafina which has a market share of about 15%. Indias percapita consumption is about 30 litres which is less than the global average of 40 litres. In India, South India tops the consumption followed by Western India which is the home for all the major national packaged water brands. In the Natural water category, which is a niche segment where the brand Himalayan water has been a leader has now entered into the Indian market, after being overtaken by the Tata group. Company Profile of Bisleri : History : (1)Bisleri was originally an Italian company created Felice Bisleri, who first brought the idea of selling bottled water in India. Bisleri then was introduced inÂÂ  MumbaiÂÂ  in glass bottles in two varieties bubbly still in 1965. ParleÂÂ  bought over Bisleri (India) Ltd. in 1969 and started bottling water in glass bottles under the brand name Bisleri. Later Parle switched over to PVC non-returnable bottles finally advanced to PET containers. In 1995 Ramesh J. Chauhan started expanding Bisleri operations. In 2003 Bisleri announced its venture to Europe. All shares are held by Mr Ramesh J Chauhan and his family. The brand name Bisleri is so popular in India that it is used as a generic nameÂÂ  for bottled water. According to the companys website, Bisleri invests 10 milion litres of rain water every year. More than just an initiative its a clear reflection of Bisleris outlook to life, whether its products, people or profitability. As one of the worlds most trusted brands, Bisleri is leading the way in bringin about positive change in our daily lives. Some initiatives involve small communities, others involve the entire population, but they are both a part of the meaningful revolution called the Aqua green revolution. Vision: (2) According to the companys website the vision of Bisleri is : The Aqua Green Revolution began with an ambitious dream: An India in which every person has uninterrupted access to scientifically purified and fortified drinking water, irrespective of geographical barriers or economic limitations. Product: Besides Mineral water, Bisleri also produces Bisleri Soda and Bisleri Vedica Natural Spring water. The purification process of Bisleri mineral water involves a six-stage purification process. In the first stage, the ground water is ozonized to destroy the virus and bacteria. The next step involves purification by sand filter which removes coarse particles up to 30 microns in size. A carbon filter is then used to remove color and odor, followed by Reverse Osmosis to filter harmful minerals and salts. The following step involves fortification of water with minerals. Finally the water is ozonized once more to ensure zero-contamination during packaging and storing. Bisleri with added minerals is available in 250 ml, 500 ml, 1 litre and 2 litre bottles and 5 litre, 15 litre and 20 litre jars. Price: Product No.of Bottles in case MRP/Case 250 ml 24 144 500 ml 20 200 1 litre 12 180 2 litre 9 225 5 litre 1 35 15 litre 1 60 20 litre 1 80 Promotion : Bisleri is promoted through TV and print media aggressively. Every opportunity to interact with the customer is used to promote the product. For example, all the vehicles used for supply are painted in green, bearing the BISLERI logo and slogans like Drink and Drive. In 2008, competing with the other brands in the mountain water category, the brand adopted a tv commercial that reflected spirituality, carrying the tagline The sweet taste of purity. The company has also started a new campaign called Stay Protected which is an extension of their own earlier Play Safe and the television commercial concentrated a bit more on the protection aspect. Distribution: Bisleri currently has 25 bottling units and about 5000 vehicles for distribution. Throughout the country, Bisleri has about 3,50,000 retail outlets. Manufacturing operations are done in 18 places in India. For the 20 litre jar, the company has introduced a home delivery system which is done by a specialized distribution system. Bisleri distributes in 3 phases : Direct distribution through roadways Through Local distributors to retail outlets. Home delivery with the help of small depots inside cities. Company Profile of Aquafina : History: Aquafina is a bottled water brand owned by PepsiCo. Aquafina was first launched in Wichita, Kansas, USA in 1994. It started distributing nationally throughout America by 1997. It started operating in India from 1999 starting from the city of Bombay and nationally throughout India in 2000. As of the year 2007, it became Americas biggest selling bottled water brand by sales volume. Product : Aquafina adopts a process called Hydro-7 process which is a seven stage purification process. The water is originated from the public sources and it undergoes reverse osmosis followed by underground and ozone sterilization. It removes impurities like chlorides, salts and other substances that affect the waters taste. Aquafina also claims that its bottles are 100% recyclable. Aquafina also meets the stringent national and international standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). In addition to bottled drinking water, Aquafina also has a range of different products like Aquafinaflavorsplash which is flavored drinking water, Aquafina Sparkling which is carbonated water. However the production of Aquafina Sparkling was discontinued in 2010 in the US. Health conscious products like Aquafina Alive and Aquafinaplus+ are also produced by Aquafina which are low calorie and vitamin enhanced products. Price : Product Price(INR) 300 ml 5 500 ml 8 1 litre 12 2 litres 25 25 litres 260 Promotion : Aquafina has started advertising in a new way by launching What a body campaign. It helped the brand reach out to different market segments. Through Aquafina, Pepsico has started water conservation initiatives and creating awareness about Pepsicos efforts to conserve water. Aquafina promoted the brand through tv commercials, by using catchy slogans like Purest part of you. It also entered into tie-ups with the Railways and other public places like Departmental stores, Multiplexes etc. thereby promoting the brand aggressively. Distribution : Throughout India, Aquafina has about 19 bottling plants. Aquafina bottled water is available in all the parts of the country with about more than half a million outlets selling the brand. Company profile of Kinley History : Cocac-cola introduced Kinley into the bottled water market in August 2000.Bisleri, which was already a leader in the market of purified mineral water, had a market share of greater than 60% and the term Bisleri was being used as a generic term for mineral water. Kinley established around 20 water plants throughout the country and was in the process of setting up 15 more water plants within the next one year. The situation at the time when Kinley forayed into the bottled water market can be examined with the help of 5C approach. Company : Coca-Cola already enjoyed a strong brand image in the market with the likes of soft drinks like Coca-Cola, Limca, Thums up etc. It also had strong supply and distribution channels. Competition : Coca-Colas major competitor at the time of its entry into the bottled water market was Parle. With a growth rate of about 40% for 10 years, Parles Bisleri earned the faith and the loyalty of the customers in provide safe and pure drinking water. Category : At the time of starting its operations, three categories were much popular in the bottled water market. Pouches were popular in rural areas because of their easy availability and also the price concerns. The bottles of 500 ml to 1 litre were being sold in all kinds of retail outlets. There was also a huge demand for bulk quantities ( of about 20 litres ) in the households as well as the corporate. Context : Because of the scarcity of water in most parts of the country and also the increasing health consciousness among the people of India, the number of people moving towards mineral water is increasing. Collaboration : Since Coca-Cola has a well managed distribution system, it collaborated with restaurants, supermarkets etc. and distributing its products across a variety of retail outlets. Under these circumstances, Coca-Cola launched Kinley, first across a variety of Southern metros and later it spread to all other places nationally. Positioning : The brand Coca-Cola already enjoyed a trustworthy position in the Indian market and it also had an efficient distribution system. Under the initiative of Boondh Boondh mein Vishwas it portrayed itself as a brand of trust and purity. The company stood on the belief that The right to pure, safe drinking water is fundamental. Product : In 2000, 500 ml pack was launched. This was followed by 1 litre, 1.5 litre, 2 litres, 5 litres, 20 litres and 25 litres by 2002. Targeting parties and special occasions, Kinley introduced 200 ml cups. Also, the 200 ml pouches were available to cater the needs of the rural areas where price is an important concern. Reverse osmosis and latest technology is used in the purification of water. The company also started easy to hold bottles in 2008. Price : Product Price 200 ml (pouch) Re.1 200 ml (water cup) Rs.3 500 ml Rs.5 (in Delhi) Rs.8 (Rest of India) 1 litre Rs.10 Place : Kinley was first available in the Southern Metros and then the company started distributing them nationally. The 200 ml water cups were made available in Chennai and Gujarat before introducing them across the country. The 200 ml pouches were first tested in selected areas of Gujarat before marketing them across India. Promotion : Kinley launched the campaign Boondh Boodh mein vishwas. In the words of Coca-Cola, Kinley brand personifies trust which is a key attribute in the packaged drinking water segment. Our product attribute matched with the brand positioning is a key reason that the brand has done so well in market despite aggressive and low price competitors. Kinley started a new campaign Vishwas Karo in 2009. Kinley beat Bisleri in 2002 in retail segment ( 500 ml to 2 litres) where Bisleri continued to be the leader for about two decades. It held a market share of about 35.1% while Bisleri held the second position with a market share of about 34.4%. Currently, while Bisleri enjoys to be the number one brand in both retail and bulk markets, Kinley holds the second position. Company Profile of Himalayan bottled water History : In 2008, Tata took over Himalayan bottled water, a product of Mount Everest Mineral Water to cater to the needs of urban and health conscious market. The company maintains that the water is unprocessed and untouched and is straight away packed from the natural resource. In the words of the CEO, Pradeep Poddar of Mount Everest Mineral water, The launch would be our first transformative step in actualizing our vision of creating next generation beverages with water on the platform of wellness, starting with natural mineral water. In future, we would be straddling the entire consumer pyramid with breakthrough, functional and nutritionally enhanced offerings, making this an exhilarating journey in our quest to make water truly the elixir of life. Strategic Planning: The TATA group forayed into the mineral water industry by acquiring a stake of about 32 percent in Mount Everest Mineral Water which is actually a good move as they got hold of a brand thats already existing in the market and by getting hold of such a large stake, it gets control of majority of the decision making processes of the company. Himalayan is internationally accredited by the US FDA, the European Union, the health ministries of Japan and France. It is a ISO 9001:2000 company that is the only Indian brand of mineral water that is internationally accepted. Segmentation : Based on the type of bottled water, this category is segmented into 1.Natural Mineral Water directly packaged from the source and unprocessed and 2.Ordinary Mineral Water this segment involves treatment with chemicals before packaging. TATA is the leader in the Natural mineral water category. Before acquisition bey TATA, the Himalayan water used to cater to the institutional and the international customers. Targeting : The target for Himalayan water included the following segments Institutional customers and the customers willing to pay a premium. The institutional customers include multiplexes, restaurants, airlines, corporate companies etc. The other segment includes those people who are ready to pay a cost higher than the others. The company mainly targeted those who will be ready to pay Rs.25 for a bottle of water. Positioning : With TATA taking over the brand, Himalayan mineral water got a boost in India as TATA is a trusted brand. The television commercials in the ads used the statement : Go back to the nature untouched, unprocessed pristine water from the Himalayas that took 20 years gathering natures goodness for you. With a slogan Live Natural. The USP of Himalayan mineral water is that it is unprocessed and it is packaged straight from the natural source. Product : Himalayan Natural water is available in 200 ml, 500 ml, 750 ml, 1 litre, 1.5 litres and 2 litre bottles. The bottle design was created by Rediffusion DYR , actualized by SIPA, Italy. The water is collected after it flows through clay, stones and river streams collecting different types of minerals with it for about 20 years. The company plans to introduce new variants of the product keeping in mind the different market segments. Price : The 750 ml water bottles were priced at around Rs.250 for the corporate and the multiplex segments while it was Rs.18 for the retail segment. Though the price is much higher than the other mineral water products of other companies which cost around Rs.10-15, it is highly competitive when compared with its competitors in the natural water segment Eviane by Danone and Perrier by Nestle since it is priced at a rate 1/4th cheaper than the others in the premium natural water market. Place : The plant is primary located in the Daula Kuan Region of Sirmour District of Himachal Pradesh. The company has plans to expand with the help of distributors in various parts of the country. Initially, it made use of its already existing and large distribution network of TATA tea. Himalayan water started being distributed in as many as 19500 Tata tea retail outlets as well as other retail shops through the help of the large distribution network of Tata tea. The company started distributed Himalayan water across the country in all the metro cities and also in places like Goa, Pune, Cochin which attract a fair amount of tourists. The company also entered into a joint venture with Pepsico., which is already a leading company in liquid company so as to leverage its distribution and marketing, thereby establishing Himalayan brand as a leader in Natural water. According to the companys website, Himalayan natural mineral waters clientele includes luxury hotel chains like The Taj, The Oberoi , Marriott, InterContinental; premium airlines like Jet Airways; leading multiplexes such as Adlabs; fine dining restaurants like Zodiac Grill, China Gate, Golden Dragon, Indiana Jones, and Frangipani among others. Promotion : The promotional campaign was handled by Rediffusion DYR with a television commercial that had a slogan Live Natural emphasizing the USP of Himalayan Natural water. The Brand is advertised focusing on the fact that the water has been untouched or unprocessed straight from the natural source, where the water has been flowing across river streams acquiring minerals, for about 20 years. In the words of Abanti Sankaranarayanan, executive director of Mount Everest Mineral Water, The launch marks the beginning of an exciting journey aimed at redefining the entire category of bottled water. We have a unique proposition of hydration with wellness, which will embrace all brand offerings in future. The brand communication is designed to narrate the mysticism of Himalayan to evoke an intimate tone with the consumer. The packaging is contemporary and aspirational and conveys the style quotient of the new Himalayan natural mineral water,